水热炭化法制备生物质基碳纳米材料研究进展  

Research Advance of Biomass⁃based Carbon Nanomaterials by Hydrothermal Carbonization

作　　者：文世涛 仲美娟 尚莉莉 田根林 杨淑敏 马建锋 刘杏娥 WEN Shitao;ZHONG Mejuan;SHANG Lili;TIAN Genlin;YANG Shumin;MA Jianfeng;LIU Xing'e(Key Lab of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology,International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan,Beijing 100102,China)

机构地区：[1]国际竹藤中心,竹藤科学与技术重点实验室,北京100102

出　　处：《材料导报》2021年第S02期28-32,共5页Materials Reports

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0600804)。

摘　　要：碳纳米材料因具有良好的吸附、电化学、催化以及气体贮存性能,被认为是材料科学研究中的热点明星。碳纳米材料大致分为富勒烯、碳纳米管、石墨烯、碳微球、碳纳米杂化材料等。碳纳米材料的研究重点是探索简易、环保、低能耗、过程可控的制备方法。现在主要的研究手段是利用可再生的木质纤维原料衍生物、纤维素、半纤维以及构成这些聚糖的结构单糖等碳水化合物作为碳源,进行水热炭化反应。本文详细介绍了生物质水热炭化过程中所发生的降解及炭化反应,着重介绍了水热炭化制备生物质碳微球以及生物质碳包覆纳米颗粒过程中涉及的成核生长机理。在此基础上,还分别论述了碳微球、碳包覆纳米复合材料的合成工艺。同时对上述碳纳米材料在水污染治理、电化学、催化、生物及传感器领域等方面进行了全面的概括。最后,本文总结了前人研究工作中存在的几点问题并提出了相应的建议。The research on carbon nanomaterialshas become a hot area, motivated by its potential applications in adsorbents, catalyst supports, gas storage and electrochemistry. Carbon nanomaterials consist of fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon microspheres, and carbon nano-hybrids. Exploring facile, environmentally friendly, low energy consumption and process controllable routes to produce novel functional carbon nanomaterials is a big challenge. Amongst various techniques, the hydrothermal carbonization(HTC) process of sustainable lignocellulosic biomass(either of isolated carbohydrates or its derivatives) is a promising candidate for the synthesis of novel carbon-based materials with a wide variety of potential applications. Firstly, the mechanism and features of hydrothermal carbonization are presented. Specifically, the core growth mechanism of carbon microspheres and carbon encapsulated nanoparticles were introduced. Subsequently, the preparation process of carbon microspheres, carbon encapsulated hybrids, functional inorganic hollow and complex carbon nanomaterials, porous carbon materials, carbon nanotube and three-dimensional carbon structure materials was briefly reviewed. Meanwhile, their applications in water pollution treatment, electrochemistry, catalysts, biology and sensors were summarized. Finally, the problems existing in the hydrothermal carbonization reaction and the future research directions are also proposed.

关 键 词：生物质 水热炭化 碳纳米材料 反应机理 

分 类 号：Q5[生物学—生物化学] TG1[金属学及工艺—金属学]