碳中和背景下新能源汽车热管理系统研究现状及发展趋势  

Research status and future development of thermal management system for new energy vehicles under the background of carbon neutrality

作　　者：王从飞[2] 曹锋[1] 李明佳[1] 殷翔[1] 宋昱龙 何雅玲[1] Congfei Wang;Feng Cao;Mingjia Li;Xiang Yin;Yulong Song;Yaling He(MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China;Chinese Institute of Refrigeration,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学,热流科程教育部重点实验室,西安710049 [2]中国制冷学会,北京100190

出　　处：《科学通报》2021年第32期4112-4128,共17页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51721004);中车大连机车研究所有限公司合作项目资助。

摘　　要：自从《<蒙特利尔议定书>基加利修正案》签订并实施以来,削减当量碳排放、有效延缓全球变暖成为各个行业的热门话题.新能源汽车的快速发展也标志着交通领域的能源结构变革.不过,新能源车目前仍存在安全隐患、里程焦虑、热管理工质温室效应等瓶颈问题,这也从"节能"与"环保"两个方面对车辆热管理行业提出了更高级、更精准的要求.从节能角度来说,本文总结了热管理系统从常规单冷空调技术到热泵空调技术的系统架构转变与实现形式升级,达到了在冬季制热条件下节省大量正温度系数热敏加热器(positive temperature coefficient,PTC)能耗的目的;同时,展示了一体化热管理新概念与各种智能优化控制算法的结合,使乘员舱、电池、电机、电控部分的综合热管理持续向着性能更优、能耗更小的方向演化.另一方面,新能源汽车热管理系统目前仍广泛使用HFC(hydrofluorocarbon)类强温室效应气体(如R134a与R407C)作为制冷剂.从环保角度出发,本文介绍了几种较为热门的环保型制冷剂替代方案,如CO2、R290、R1234yf等.最后,前瞻性地指出新能源汽车热管理技术将朝向"绿色高效化"、"功能一体化"、"结构模块化"、"控制智能化"方向不断前进,以为我国实现碳达峰、碳中和目标作出重要贡献.Since the signing and implementation of the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol,reducing equivalent carbon emissions and effectively slowing down global warming have become the most appealing topic in various industries worldwide.The total carbon emissions of the transportation industry,which is one of the most important sources of carbon emissions,account for approximately 30% of the total value of the economy and society.As a result,the rapid development of new energy vehicles(including passenger cars,commercial vehicles,and rail vehicles) also represents the great change of energy structure of the transportation sector.However,the abovementioned new energy vehicles still have some technical flaws,such as safety risks,range anxiety,and the greenhouse effect caused by the thermal management working fluids,which should be noted.Nowadays,it can be assumed that more advanced and precise requirements for the vehicle thermal management industry are being put forward from two perspectives:"Energy-saving" and "environmental protection".From the perspective of "energy savings",this paper summarizes the system architecture transformation and realization by upgrading the heat management system from conventional single cooling air conditioning technology to heat pump air conditioning(HP&AC) technology.The purpose of saving a lot of energy consumption of positive temperature coefficient(PTC) electric heating in winter heating conditions can be achieved using the abovementioned HP&AC operation mode.Furthermore,the combination of the new concept of integrated thermal management and various intelligent optimal control algorithms(proportional-integral-derivative,model predictive control,and extremum seeking control included) is clearly demonstrated in this paper,so that the integrated thermal management of the crew cabin,battery,motor,and electric control continues to evolve toward better performance and less energy consumption.Based on the record of this article,the evolution process of vehicle thermal management technol

关 键 词：碳中和 新能源汽车 一体化热管理 优化控制算法 制冷剂绿色替代 

分 类 号：U469.7[机械工程—车辆工程]