水稻早衰突变体w14的生理学特性分析及其基因的精细定位  

Analysis of physiological characteristics of early leaf senescence mutant w14 and its gene mapping for rice

作　　者：朱永生 蒋家焕[2,3] 蔡秋华[2,3] 郑燕梅 何炜[2,3] 陈丽萍 魏毅东[2,3] 王爱荣 张建福[1,2,3] Yongsheng Zhu;Jiahuan Jiang;Qiuhua Cai;Yanmei Zheng;Wei He;Liping Chen;Yidong Wei;Airong Wang;Jianfu Zhang(College of Plant Protection,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;Rice Research Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350019,China;Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural/Fuzhou Branch,National Rice Improvement Center of China/Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding/Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular Breeding/Incubator of National Key Laboratory of Fujian Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding Between Fujian and Ministry of Sciences&Technology/Base of South-China,National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice/National Rice Engineering Laboratory of China,Fuzhou 350003,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学植物保护学院,福州350002 [2]福建省农业科学院水稻研究所,福州350019 [3]农业农村部华南杂交水稻种质创新与分子育种重点实验室/国家水稻改良中心福州分中心/福建省作物分子育种工程实验室/福建省水稻分子育种重点实验室/福建省作物种质创新与分子育种省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地/杂交水稻国家重点实验室华南研究基地/水稻国家工程实验室,福州350003

出　　处：《科学通报》2021年第32期4144-4156,共13页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0101800);福建省自然科学基金(2018J01039,2020J011352);福建省科技重大专项(2020NZ08016)资助。

摘　　要：水稻叶片早衰对水稻的产量及品质均有重要影响,研究早衰的机理对于延缓衰老和选育良种具有重要意义.本文以甲基磺酸乙酯(ethylmethylsulfone,EMS)诱变野生型粳稻品种云引(Yunyin,YY)获得的水稻早衰突变体w14为材料,研究了早衰突变体全生育期的生理及组织亚显微结构的变化.研究结果表明,突变体从分蘖盛期开始表现出生长势弱,生长速度慢,抽穗期出现明显的叶片早衰症状,最终突变体整株呈现衰老枯萎.亚显微结构观察表明,突变体出现明显衰老表型后,叶片表面泡状细胞破损,细胞结构排列松散,完整性降低,突变体细胞中细胞核数目明显减少,胞内细胞核降解.分别在衰老症状出现前后(苗期和成株期)对突变体和野生型的可溶性蛋白、叶绿素、脂质过氧化物(lipid peroxidation,LPO)及丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量和过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)及过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性进行了系统检测,表明突变体的衰老症状可能主要是由于组织CAT的活性下降导致活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)的累积引起.通过图位克隆方法将目的基因w14定位于水稻3号染色体上,位于InDel标记3-7和3-9之间大约76 kb的物理区间内.该区间内共包含8个候选基因,为该突变性状基因w14的克隆、功能研究和深入了解该突变体早衰的机制奠定了基础.Leaf senescence has important effects on yield and quality of rice.In this study,a mutant w14 of early leaf senescence was derived from japonica variety,Yunyin(YY)by ethylmethylsulfone(EMS)mutagenesis.The physiological and histological changes of the mutant w14 were studied during the whole growth and development period.The results indicated that the growing vigor of the mutant w14 was not only weak and slow from the full tillering stage,but also the early leaf senescence appeared obviously at the heading stage.At last the whole plant for the mutant w14 appeared senescence and wilt.The submicroscopic structure observation indicated that the vesicular cells of leaves surface were not only damaged,but the cell structure was loose and their integrity decreased.The number of nuclei from the mutant cells was decreased significantly and intracellular nuclear degraded.The contents of leaves chlorophyll between WT and the mutant w14 were analyzed at the seedling stage and adult stage respectively,indicating that the difference was not significant among chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and carotenoid between WTand the mutant w14 at the seedling stage.But the contents for chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and carotenoid of the mutant w14 were significantly less than those of wild type(WT)at the adult stage,decreased by 15.5%,37.6%,and 10.3%,respectively,and total chlorophyll content decreased by 20.6%.Moreover,the characteristics for antioxidant were analyzed for wild type and the mutant w14,including the activity of POD,SOD,CAT,MDA,LPO and so on,indicating that the POD activity of the mutant w14 was much less than that of WT,decreased by 7.42%at the seedling stage,but decreased 9.52%compared with WT at the adult stage.Data of SOD activity indicated that the SOD activity of the mutant w14 was much more than that of WT,increased by 15.5%at the seedling stage.But the difference was not significant for SOD activity between WT and the mutant w14 at the adult stage.The catalase activity showed that the CAT activity of the mutant w14 was n

关 键 词：水稻 早衰 生理特性 显微结构 基因定位 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]