2011-2020年安徽省肺结核疫情变化趋势及流行特征分析  

Incidence trend and epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Anhui,2011-2020

作　　者：张根友[1] 刘洁[1] 史四九 厉虹淼 柳叶 梁路[1] 张敏[1] Zhang Genyou;LiuJie;Shi Sijiu;Li Hongmiao;Liu Ye;Liang Lu;Zhang Min(Anhui Provincial Institute for Tuberculosis Prevention and Control,Hefei 230022,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽省结核病防治研究所,安徽合肥230022

出　　处：《疾病监测》2021年第10期1025-1030,共6页Disease Surveillance

基　　金：安徽省自然科学基金(No.1908085QH368)。

摘　　要：目的分析2011—2020年安徽省肺结核疫情流行病学特征,为制定“十四五”结核病防治规划提供科学依据。方法利用“结核病信息管理系统”收集安徽省2011—2020年登记的结核病信息资料,通过描述性流行病学研究方法分析结核病的三间分布和长期变化趋势。结果2011—2020年共登记肺结核病例324916例,年均登记发病率为52.60/10万,10年间下降趋势差异有统计学意义(趋势χ^(2)=3562.203,P<0.001);“十三五”规划期间新诊断技术的推广使病原学阳性肺结核构成比逐年上升。男女构成比差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6411.398,P<0.001);患者登记发病率随着年龄的增加而升高,≥65岁组达138.48/10万;职业以农民为主(74.41%);3—5月是发病高峰,季节性明显;登记发病数居前3位的分别是合肥市(12.88%)、阜阳市(11.92%)和安庆市(8.52%),沿长江城市带(铜陵、池州、马鞍山、安庆、芜湖)年均报告发病率高于非沿江城市地区(χ^(2)=49.706,P<0.001)。结论安徽省防治规划成效显著,2020年肺结核病例的发现受到了新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情影响。男性、≥65岁高龄人群、农民是重点关注对象,需加强冬春季节和重点区域的结核病防控措施。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis(TB)in Anhui province from 2011 to 2020 and provide evidence for the development of TB control strategy in the 14th Five-Year Plan period Methods By using descriptive epidemiology method,the population,space and time distributions and incidence trend of TB in Anhui 2011 to 2020 were analyzed based on the data from TB information management system.Results From 2011 to 2020,a total of 324916 cases of pulmonary TB were registered in Anhui,the average annual registered incidence rate was 52.60/100000,showing a significant decline trend(trendχ^(2)=3562.203,P<0.001).The wide use of new diagnostic techniques during the 13th Five-Year Plan period has improved the etiological positive detection of pulmonary TB,the difference in pulmonary TB detection between men and women was significant(χ^(2)=6411.398,P<0.001).The registered incidence rate increased with age,which was highest in age group≥65 years(138.48/100000).The majority of pulmonary TB cases were farmers(74.41%).The incidence of pulmonary TB peaked during March-May with obvious seasonality,and the cases were mainly distributed in Hefei(12.88%),Fuyang(11.92%)and Anqing(8.52%).The incidence were significantly higher in areas along the Yangtze River(Tongling,Chizhou,Ma’anshan,Anqing and Wuhu)than in other areas(χ^(2)=49.706,P<0.001).Conclusion TB control had achieved remarkable success in Anhui,but the case finding of pulmonary TB was affected by COVID-19 epidemic in 2020.It is necessary to strengthen the TB prevention and control in men,age group≥65 years and farmers and in winter/spring and key areas in Anhui.

关 键 词：结核 肺 流行特征 结核病信息管理系统 

分 类 号：R211[医药卫生—中医学] R521