“竞争”抑或“继承”:农地产权如何影响农民生育性别偏好  

“Competition”or“Inheritance”:How Does Farmland Property Rights Affect Farmers’Reproductive Gender Preference

作　　者：耿鹏鹏 罗必良 Geng Pengpeng;Luo Biliang(National School of Agricultural Institution and Development,South China Agricultural University)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学国家农业制度与发展研究院,510642

出　　处：《经济评论》2021年第6期34-48,共15页Economic Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“乡村振兴战略实施中政府与市场的关系及其协调研究”(项目编号:71933004);广东省教育厅创新团队项目“中国农地制度改革创新:赋权、盘活与土地财产权益的实现”(项目编号:2017WCXTD001)的资助。

摘　　要："重男轻女"被视为乡土中国的重要传统之一。已有研究多聚焦于男女不平等的社会问题,但较少关注男女性别偏好所反映出的农民土地情结以及中国农村土地制度改革可能带来的乡土社会生育观念的变化。本研究表明,农民生育"重男"的性别偏好不仅是农村家庭传承中"继承"观的反映,也是农地产权不稳定或不安全时壮大地权博弈力量的需要。基于2016年中国劳动力动态调查数据的检验结果显示,农地调整和农地确权均会强化农民"重男轻女"的生育性别偏好。其中,农地调整会诱导农民对生育男孩数量上的偏好,生男孩成为"弱者的武器";农地确权并未激励农民在生育男孩数量上的"占优",而仅限于"有"。前者表达产权争夺的"竞争性",后者表达产权排他的"继承性"。文章强调,"重男轻女"观念隐含着不同的产权含义。"Son Preference"is regarded as one of the important traditions of rural China.Existing studies have mostly focused on the social issues of inequality between men and women,and have not paid too much attention to the peasant land complex reflected in the gender preference of men and women,and the changes in the concept of fertility in rural society that may be brought about by the reform of agricultural land system in China.This study shows that the gender preference of farmers’"important boys"is not only a reflection of the concept of"inheritance"in the inheritance of rural families,but also a need to strengthen the game of land rights when land rights are unstable or insecure.The test results based on the 2016 CLDS data show that both the adjustment of farmland and the confirmation of farmland rights will strengthen farmers’preference for fertility of"Son Preference".Among them,the adjustment of agricultural land will induce farmers to have a preference for the number of boys,giving birth to boys has become a"weapon of the weak".Confirmation of farmland rights will cause farmers to tend to have only one boy.The former expresses the"competitiveness"of the struggle for property rights,and the latter expresses the"inheritance"of the exclusive property rights.The article emphasizes that"Son Preference"expresses different meanings of property rights.

关 键 词：农地调整 农地确权 竞争 继承 生育性别偏好 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济] C913.68[社会学]