北上台风“安比”后期两个阶段暴雨落区分布的差异性分析  

Analysis of Difference in Distribution of Rainstorms in the Later Two Stages of Northward-Moving Typhoon Ampil

作　　者：陈宏[1] 杨晓君[1] 易笑园[1] 尉英华[1] 杨洋[1] 张庆 孙晶 CHEN Hong;YANG Xiaojun;YI Xiaoyuan;WEI Yinghua;YANG Yang;ZHANG Qing;SUN Jing(Tianjin Meteorological Observatory,Tianjin 300074,China;Shandong Meteorological Observatory,Jinan 250000,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市气象台,天津300074 [2]山东省气象台,山东济南250000

出　　处：《高原气象》2021年第5期1087-1100,共14页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41575049);天津市自然科学基金项目(16JQNJC07500);天津市气象局项目(2018lxxm01,202009ybxm03);中国气象局预报员专项(CMAYBY2020-008)。

摘　　要：利用CMA最佳路径数据、逐时自动站资料、NCEP/NCAR(1°×1°)再分析资料、FY-2F卫星的云顶亮温(TBB)、雷达资料和常规观测资料,对1810号台风“安比”北上过程中台风强度保持不变却造成山东暴雨位于台风路径东侧而天津暴雨位于路径西侧的原因进行详细分析。结果表明:台风“安比”北上之后,外围云系发展为非对称云系,降雨和环流结构具有明显的不对称性,山东和天津两个暴雨区的降雨增强发展与对流云团的发展特征一致,低质心的短时强降雨站点分布于TBB梯度高值区。台风在山东境内时,中尺度云团和强降雨主要位于台风路径东侧的鲁中地区,这是由于弱的垂直风切变利于台风的暖心结构和强度维持,台风本身携带的高温高湿环境引起了对流层低层为条件性对称不稳定,并引发了台风东侧的短时强降雨导致暴雨,暴雨中心位置受到正涡度、垂直速度、水汽辐合和泰山地形的共同影响。台风进入天津后,高空槽东移携带的冷空气从西北侧侵入台风环流,引起冷暖空气交汇,并激发出非对称的中尺度系统、导致垂直风切变和正涡度显著增强,高层辐散与低层辐合引起了明显的抽吸作用,它们共同造成了台风西侧强烈上升运动和不稳定层结的厚度明显增加,并为中尺度系统的发展提供有利的条件,同时对流层低层东南急流经过渤海后水汽得以补充,在台风西北部形成明显的带状水汽辐合带,因此台风云系西北侧的京津交界地区存在沿气旋式环流的带状中尺度云团发展,共同导致台风西北侧持续5个小时的短时强降雨,造成了大暴雨。Based on China Meteorological Administration(CMA)typhoon path data,surface-observed hourly data,NCEP/NCAR(1°×1°)re-analysis data,black-body temperature equivalent(TBB)of FY-2F satellite data,radar data,and conventional observation data,the reason for the distribution characteristics of the asymmetry of the later two stages of northward-moving typhoon Ampil(1810)was analyzed.The intensity of the typhoon remained unchanged when Ampil went northward,but it caused the Shandong torrential rain to locate on the east side of the typhoon track,while the Tianjin torrential rain located on the west side of the track.The result indicated that after Typhoon Ampil went northward,the cloud system around it developed into an asymmetrically distributed cloud system,with obvious asymmetry in the structure of rainfall and circulation.In the two heavy-rainfall areas that located in Shandong and Tianjin,the enhanced development of rainfall was consistent with the development characteristics of convective cloud clusters.Short-term heavy-rainfall sites with low centroids were distributed in the high-value area of the TBB gradient.When the typhoon was in Shandong,mesoscale cloud clusters and heavy rainfall mainly located in the central of Shandong,east of the typhoon path,because weak vertical wind shear was conducive to maintaining the heart-warming structure and strength of the typhoon.The high-temperature and humidity environment carried by the typhoon itself caused the conditional symmetry and instability of the lower troposphere,and triggered short-term heavy rainfall on the east side of the typhoon.The center of heavy rain was affected by the combined effects of positive vorticity,vertical velocity,water-vapor convergence,and topography of Mount Tai.After the typhoon entered Tianjin,cold air infiltrated from the westerly trough,infiltrating the typhoon circulation from the northwest side,causing the intersection of cold and warm air.This additionally inspired an asymmetric mesoscale system,leading to vertical wind shear and po

关 键 词：台风 中尺度云团 不稳定层结 水汽输送 

分 类 号：P458.124[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]