江苏不同等级雾的宏观和微观特征  

Characteristics of the Macro-and Micro-structures of the Different Grades Fog in Jiangsu Province

作　　者：王宏斌[1,2,3] 张志薇 刘端阳 祖繁 朱毓颖[1,2,3] 吴泓 WANG Hongbin;ZHANG Zhiwei;LIU Duanyang;ZU Fan;ZHU Yuying;WU Hong(Key Laboratory of Transportation Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration,Nanjing 210041,Jiangsu,China;Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric Sciences,Nanjing 210041,Jiangsu,China;Jiangsu Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Nanjing 210041,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局交通气象重点开放实验室,江苏南京210041 [2]南京气象科技创新研究院,江苏南京210041 [3]江苏省气象科学研究所,江苏南京210041

出　　处：《高原气象》2021年第5期1177-1188,共12页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：江苏省自然科学青年基金项目(BK20161073);江苏省第五期“333工程”科研项目(BRA2018420);中国气象科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(2019Z007);中国气象局公共气象服务中心创新基金项目(K2020003);江苏省气象局重点项目(KZ201907)。

摘　　要：利用2013年1月1日至2018年12月31日的江苏70个自动气象站观测的分钟级气象要素资料、3个探空站秒级探空资料和3个浓雾野外观测试验站共21个浓雾过程的秒级雾滴谱资料,分析江苏不同等级雾的分钟级时空分布、边界层结构及微物理结构特征。结果表明:近6年雾时数的空间分布与1961-2010年江苏省年平均雾日数分布明显不同,近6年江苏雾时数的大值分布在长江沿线和淮河沿线及其以北两个地区,强浓雾和特强浓雾集中在淮河沿线及其以北地区。在05:50(北京时,下同)江苏发生各等级雾的概率最高,四个季节分别在07:10(冬季)、05:50(春季)、05:20(夏季)和05:50(秋季)存在雾的概率最高;各站点发生雾的年均时数为318.5 h,强浓雾和特强浓雾两级总时数占雾发生总时数的16.4%;持续时间越长的雾发生频次越小,冬季雾的持续时间明显大于其他季节。0~1500 m高度不同等级的雾的温度结构均有逆温层存在,且随着雾强度的增加,逆温强度增加;有雾时相对湿度在下层饱和,但随着雾强度的增加,上层相对湿度更小。随着雾强度的增加,不同大小的雾滴数浓雾均增大,强浓雾或特强浓雾发生时,雾滴谱明显拓宽。Based on the minute-resolution meteorological elements data observed at 70 automatic weather stations in Jiangsu,the second-resolution sounding data of 3 sounding stations and the fog droplet spectrum data of 21 dense fog events,from January 1,2013 to December 31,2018,the spatial and temporal distribution,boundary layer structure and microphysical structure characteristics of the fog at different grades in Jiangsu were analyzed.The results show that in recent years,the number of fog hours in Jiangsu are distributed along the Yangtze River and to the north along the Huaihe River.The average annual fogging time at each station is 318.5 h,the strong dense fog and extremely dense fog were mainly concentrated along the Huaihe River and its north,accounting for 16.4%of the total fog hours.The probability of occurrence of fog in Jiangsu is the highest at 05:50,and the probability of occurrence of fog in winter,spring,summer,and autumn is the highest at 07:10(Beijing Time,after the same),05:50,05:20 and 05:50,respectively.The temperature structure of fog at different grades between 0 m and 1500 m has inversion layer,and with the increase of fog intensity,the inversion intensity increases.And the relative humidity is saturated in the lower layer,but with the increase of fog intensity,the relative humidity of upper layer decreases.With the increase of fog intensity,the number of fog drops of different sizes all increase,and the spectrum of fog drops expands obviously when strong dense fog or extremely dense fog occurs.

关 键 词：不同等级雾 秒级探空 边界层特征 雾滴谱 

分 类 号：P426[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]