环境民事公益诉讼和私益诉讼融合研究  

Research on the Integration of Environmental Civil Public Interest and Private Interest Litigation

作　　者：陈广华[1] 缪宗崇 Chen Guanghua;Miao Zongchong

机构地区：[1]河海大学法学院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《河南社会科学》2021年第11期57-66,共10页Henan Social Sciences

基　　金：江苏高校人文社会科学校外研究基地——水利法治研究中心研究成果(2017ZSJD004)。

摘　　要：对环境利益救济采取的公益私益分离模式过于强调公共利益的诉讼程序构造,反而在环境保护实体上割裂了公共利益与私人利益之间固有的共通之处。应在厘清司法实践和立法现状的基础上转换环境民事公益私益诉讼并行的程序设定,构建两诉融合救济的利益保护体系。当环境侵权行为同时损害公益和私益时,由法律规定的机关和有关组织提起环境公益诉讼或者由个人提起民事诉讼都难以平衡利益,程序上导致审理顺位不明、诉讼效率低下。构建环境公益私益融合救济模式,可以从实体上完善环境民事公益诉讼法律适用区分标准,一是对环境民事公益诉讼的适用保持谨慎谦抑,二是增加环境民事公益诉讼的消极适用条款;从程序上可以利用诉的合并理论将两诉合并审理、划分审理阶段并引入域外中间判决制度消除现存模式的弊端。With its overemphasis on procedural structure of public interests,the current mode adopted in the relief of environmental interests separates the inherent commonalities between public interests and private interests in the entity of environmental protection.Therefore,it should be transformed to the parallel procedure setting of public and private interest litigation on the basis of clarifying the current situation of judicial practice and legislation and the interest protection system of two litigation integration relief should be constructed.When environmental tort damages both public and private interests,it is difficult to balance the interests when the environmental public interest litigation is initiated by the legal organs and relevant organizations or by individuals,which leads to unclear order of trial and low litigation efficiency.In the relief mode of public and private interests integration,we can improve the distinction standard of environmental civil public interest litigation from the entity,use the theory of litigation combination to try the two lawsuits together,divide the trial stage,and introduce the extraterritorial intermediate judgment system to alleviate the disadvantages of the existing mode.

关 键 词：民法典 环境民事公益诉讼 环境民事私益诉讼 中间判决 

分 类 号：D9[政治法律—法学]