汉江与嘉陵江源区黄土的风化成土强度及其在土壤系统分类中的归属  

Weathering Intensity of Loess and Its Attribution in Soil Taxonomy in the Source Region of Hanjiang and Jialing Rivers

作　　者：刘艳玲 庞奖励 黄春长 查小春 周亚利 王海鹏 王海燕 戎晓庆 LIU Yan-ling;PANG Jiang-li;HUANG Chun-chang;ZHA Xiao-chun;ZHOU Ya-li;WANG Hai-peng;WANG Hai-yan;RONG Xiao-qing(School of geography and tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an 710119,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2021年第10期2482-2491,共10页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41271108);国家自然科学基金重点项目(41030637)。

摘　　要：以汉江源区(李家河村)和嘉陵江源区(杨家山村)黄土剖面为研究对象,对其粒度、元素组成、团聚体等进行分析与对比,探究两地土壤成土强度与系统分类归属。结果表明两江源区的土壤风化成土特征级类明显不同:(1)两地土壤团聚体主要分布在0.25~1 mm范围内,但汉江源区(LJH)土壤上部的大团聚体含量R0.25值(83.73%)、平均重量直径MWD值(2.17)和几何平均直径GMD值(1.11)均大于嘉陵江源区(YJS)的土壤(其R0.25值为69.81%,MWD和GMD值分别为1.06、0.47),团聚体稳定性更强,而剖面中下部则相反,土体稳定性弱于后者;(2)嘉陵江源区土壤的风化程度仅达到低等向中等强度过渡阶段,与其相比,汉江源区土壤的钾钠比值和残积指数较高、硅铝铁率和淋溶系数较低,钙、钠等易溶元素风化淋失更强,产生的富铝黏土矿物更多,达到中等风化强度,故后者风化成土强度远大于前者;(3)在土壤系统分类中,汉江源区黄土母质发育的土壤可归为斑纹简育湿润淋溶土,嘉陵江源区土壤可归为普通钙积干润淋溶土。Taking the loess profile in the source region of Hanjiang River(Lijiahe village) and the Jialing River(Yangjiashan village) as the research object, explorated the weathering intensity of loess and its main attribution in soil taxonomy scientifically. The physical and chemical properties, grain size, element composition, aggregates of soil profile and so on were analyzed and compared. The results of experiment show that the soil weathering characteristics in this two river source regions are obviously different:(1)The soil aggregates in this two regions are mainly distributed in the range of 0.25~1 mm, but the contents of big aggregates(R;is 83.73%), the values of mean weight diamet(MWD is 2.17) and geometric mean diameter(GMD is 1.11) in the surface of the soil profile in the source region of Hanjiang River(LJH) are higher than Jialing River(YJS) respectively(R;is 69.81%, MWD is 1.06, and GMD is 0.47), so the soil aggregates of Hanjiang River are more stable, while the middle and lower parts of the soil profile are opposite.(2) Compared with the soil weathering in the source region of Jialing River, the source region of Hanjiang River shows a higher ratio of potassium to sodium and residual index, lower silicon and iron-aluminum ratio and leaching coefficient, stronger weathering and leaching loss of soluble elements such as calcium and sodium, besides, more aluminum rich clay minerals. The soil weathering in the source region of Jialing River is just in a transition from low strength to medium strength, while the soil weathering in the source region of Hanjiang River can reach medium intensity. Therefore, the weathering strength of the latter is much greater than that of the former.(3) According to the Soil Taxonomy, the soil developed from the loess parent material is classified as the Mot-Hap-Udic Luvisols in the source region of Hanjiang River, while it is classified as the Typ-Cal-Ustic Luvisols in the source region of Jialing River.

关 键 词：汉江源区 嘉陵江源区 风化成土 土壤类型 

分 类 号：P904[天文地球—自然地理学]