钠原子s、p能级量子缺的普通物理实验粗测法  

A rough measurement of s- and p-quantum defects of Sodium based on general physical experiments

作　　者：丁又也 张三军[1] 尹亚玲[1] DING You-ye;ZHANG San-jun;YIN Ya-ling(Physical Experiment Teaching Center,School of Physics and Electronic Science,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学物理与电子科学学学院物理实验教学中心,上海200241

出　　处：《大学物理》2021年第12期62-66,73,共6页College Physics

基　　金：上海高校课程思政领航计划(重点改革领航学院)资助。

摘　　要："分光计的调节与三棱镜折射率的测量"是普通物理实验课程中的一个经典实验.在该实验中,学生在进行三棱镜折射率测量时可以观测到汞灯光谱,直观形象,但是未深入探究原子谱线的产生机理."钠原子光谱实验"是近代物理实验中的经典实验,学生通过计算量子缺、绘制能级图,认识谱线和原子性质.本实验将二者的思想和方法结合,并贯通拓展,使用学生熟悉的分光计直接观测钠原子光谱,再利用内插法计算钠原子s、p能级的量子缺,从而深入认识谱线和原子性质.根据分光计实验,s、p能级量子缺的最终计算结果为1.348、0.882,和精确计算值相符,证实本实验方案切实可行.The adjustment of spectrometer and measurement of the prism’s refrective index is a classic,generalphysical experiment. In this experiment,students can directly see the Mercury spectrum through prisms,which is vivid,while they do not explore the formation mechanism of atom spectrual lines. On the contrary,the experiment of Sodium spectrum is a classic,modern physical experiment. Students understand the nature of atoms and spectrual lines through the calculation of quantumn defects and the drawing of energy level figures. This experiment combines the thoughts of these two experiments,where students first observe spectrual lines with familiar spectrometers,and calculate the s-and p-quantum defects of Sodium with interpolation methods to understand the characteristics of atoms. The results( 1.348 and 0.882,respectively) are in line with the ones carefully calculated,proving that this idea is rather practical.

关 键 词：分光计 光谱 谱线 量子缺 

分 类 号：O4-34[理学—物理]