莫桑比克前寒武纪地质与成矿特征  

Geology and metallogenic characteristics of Precambrian in Mozambique

作　　者：徐涛[1] 陈峰[1] 徐明钻 冯自成[1] XU Tao;CHENG Feng;XU Mingzuan;FENG Zicheng(Geological Exploration Technology Institute of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing 210049,Jiangsu China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省地质勘查技术院,江苏南京210049

出　　处：《矿产勘查》2021年第10期2083-2096,共14页Mineral Exploration

基　　金：2017年江苏省省级地质勘查专项资金项目“莫桑比克楠普拉省5677L金矿普查”(苏财资环〔2019〕14号);“莫桑比克赞比西亚省6459C铌钽矿普查”(苏地矿发〔2020〕75号);“莫桑比克德尔加杜角省9198L石墨矿普查”(苏地矿发〔2020〕75号)等项目共同资助。

摘　　要：莫桑比克作为全球重要的前寒武纪变质单元之一,是冈瓦纳古陆重要的组成部分。对其基础地质研究过程从19世纪初至今主要经历了4个阶段,本世纪初至今新理论和新方法的应用使得其基础地质研究得到飞跃发展。莫桑比克的前寒武纪地质单元可划分为津巴布韦-马尼卡克拉通基底、莫桑比克构造带及伊鲁米德构造带3个部分,其每部分又可进一步细分不同的构造单元(细化)。结合地质特征及矿产分布情况明确了莫桑比克的优势矿产资源为天然气、煤、钛、金、钽及石墨等矿种。莫桑比克可划分为北赞比西河成矿省、津巴布韦克拉通边界-巴鲁埃杂岩成矿省、乌南戈-利欣加成矿省、莫桑比克带-鲁伍马-赞比西成矿带省等四大成矿省和21个具有找矿前景的多金属成矿远景区。本文详细地划分了莫桑比克前寒武纪重要成矿区带并分析其成矿地质条件,结合近年来的矿产勘查工作认识,系统梳理了莫桑比克前寒武纪重要成矿区带的成矿条件和规律,重点总结了优势矿种的成矿特征,为莫桑比克矿业投资提供参考,并针对开展莫桑比克重要战略矿产的投资提供依据。Mozambique,as one of the most important Precambrian metamorphic blocks of the earth,is a significant component of the Gondwana supercontinent.Geological survey in the island has been carried out since the beginning of the 19th Century.In the last 20 years,the applications of new theories and techniques improve the study of fundamental geology.Tectonically,Mozambique can be divided into three units,Zimbabwean-Manica Craton、Mozambique Belt and Irumide Belt,each of which can be subdivided into different tectonic units.Combining the characteristics of geology and mineral resources and the distribution of minerals,it is determined that Mozambique’s dominant mineral resources are related to gold,graphite,and pegmatite.In Mozambique,it has divided the north of Zambeze River,Zimbabwe Craton Border-Barue Complex,Unango-Lichinga,Mozabique Belt-Rovuma-Zambeze Zone 4 major metallogenic provinces and 21 prospective polymetallic mineralization areas with prospecting prospects.This article divides the important metallogenic belts of the Precambrian in Mozambique in detail and analyzes its metallogenic geological conditions.Combined with the understanding of mineral exploration work in recent years,it systematically sorts out the metallogenic conditions and the metallogenic conditions of the important metallogenic belts of the Precambrian in Mozambique.Laws,focusing on summarizing the mineralization characteristics of dominant minerals,provide a reference for Mozambique’s mining investment,and provide a basis for investing in important strategic minerals in Mozambique.

关 键 词：前寒武纪 冈瓦纳大陆 优势矿产 成矿远景区 莫桑比克 

分 类 号：P618.51[天文地球—矿床学]