驾驶分心行为量表设计与影响因素分析  

Design of driving distraction behavior scale and analysis of influencing factors

作　　者：张磊 彭金栓[1] 陈晓利 ZHANG Lei;PENG Jinshuan;CHEN Xiaoli(School of Traffic&Transportation,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China;Research and Development Center of Transport Industry of Self-driving Technology,China Merchants Chongqing Communications Research&Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 400067,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆交通大学交通运输学院,重庆400074 [2]招商局重庆交通科研设计院有限公司自动驾驶技术交通运输行业研发中心,重庆400067

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2021年第11期39-46,共8页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFB1600501);重庆市高校创新研究群体项目(CXQT21022);重庆市研究生导师团队建设项目(JDDSTD2018007);重庆市研究生科研创新项目(CYB21218)。

摘　　要：为揭示驾驶人分心行为的心理作用机制,首先,按照计划行为理论(TPB)设计初始驾驶分心行为量表;然后,在重庆地区开展问卷调查工作,并描述性统计分析有效回收的321份量表数据;最后,划分驾驶分心态度、知觉行为控制、主观规范、注意力特征、人口学信息、驾驶信息6个主要影响因素,并将其作为外源性潜变量,将分心行为频次作为内生性潜变量,构建结构方程模型(SEM)。根据修正指标(MI)和临界比值(CR)优化模型路径后,检验6个外源性潜变量对分心行为的相关假设,并提取其中具有显著性的影响路径。研究结果表明:对分心驾驶行为影响最显著的外源性潜变量是驾驶人的主观规范,对应的路径系数为0.650;而知觉行为控制、驾驶分心态度、人口学信息3个潜变量影响较小,路径系数分别是0.152、0.134和0.113,而注意力特征、驾驶信息对分心行为的影响不具有显著性。In order to reveal psychological mechanism of drivers'distraction behavior,firstly,initial driving distraction scale was designed according to TPB.Then,a questionnaire survey was carried out in Chongqing,and data of 321 collected scales were analyzed by descriptive statistics.Finally,six principal influencing factors of driving distraction attitude,perceptual behavior control,subjective norm,attention characteristic,demographic information and driving information were classified and defined as exogenous latent variables,while frequency of distraction was taken as endogenous one,and a SEM was established.Model path was optimized according to modification indexes(MI)and critical ratio(CR),relevant assumptions concerning influence of six exogenous latent variables on distraction behavior were experimented,and significant influencing paths were extracted.The results show that the most significant exogenous latent variable that distracts driving is drivers'subjective norm,with a corresponding path coefficient of 0.650.Perceptual behavior control,driving distraction attitude and demographic information exert less influence,with their coefficients being 0.152,0.134 and 0.113 respectively.Moreover,influence of attention characteristics and driving information on distraction behavior is not significant.

关 键 词：驾驶分心行为 量表 影响因素 计划行为理论(TPB) 结构方程模型(SEM) 

分 类 号：X910[环境科学与工程—安全科学] X911