减库对大豆叶片碳代谢的影响  

Effects of sink-limiting treatments on leaf carbon metabolism in soybean

作　　者：张国伟[1] 李凯[2] 李思嘉 王晓婧 杨长琴[1] 刘瑞显[1] ZHANG Guo-Wei;LI Kai;LI Si-Jia;WANG Xiao-Jing;YANG Chang-Qin;LIU Rui-Xian(Institute of Industrial Crops,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,Jiangsu,China;Institute of Soybean,Nanjing Agricul-tural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetic Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Center for Soybean Improvement/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics&Germplasm Innovation,Nanjing 210095,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院经济作物研究所,江苏南京210014 [2]南京农业大学大豆研究所/国家大豆改良中心/农业农村部大豆生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《作物学报》2022年第2期529-537,共9页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0201000);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-04);江苏特粮特经产业技术体系集成创新中心项目(JATS[2020]152)资助。

摘　　要：植物的碳代谢过程与植株生长和产量形成密切相关,是受源库关系影响最明显的生理过程之一。研究减库对大豆叶片碳代谢的影响,可为明确源库关系失衡导致的减产机理研究提供理论依据。以早熟大豆品种苏豆13为材料,于2019年和2020年在江苏省农业科学院大豆试验站进行池栽试验,在大豆R4期设置减库处理(去除全部豆荚、去掉1/2豆荚和全部种子损伤处理),以正常植株为对照,研究减库对大豆碳代谢的影响。结果表明,减库处理延缓了叶片衰老和脱落,导致叶片持绿。减库处理显著抑制了短期内的净光合速率(Pn),但是未影响初始羧化速率(a)。Pn降低主要受气孔限制,随时间延长,光合抑制作用逐渐减弱并转为促进作用,在生育后期,减库处理的叶片仍能保持相对较高的a、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)、蔗糖合成酶(SuSy)和酸性转化酶(SAI)活性及光合色素、可溶性糖、淀粉、蔗糖和果糖含量,利于维持相对较高的光合性能。减库处理导致更多的光合产物向营养器官分配,茎、叶片和叶柄在一定程度上成为新的库器官,利于生育后期的叶片光合产物输出并保持相对较高的碳代谢水平。去除全部豆荚和种子损伤处理延缓叶片衰老和脱落、光合性能和碳代谢水平降低的作用显著高于去除1/2豆荚。总之,在同等的源条件下,减小库容量可以诱导大豆出现持绿现象,减库程度越大,持绿现象越重,减库处理显著影响大豆叶片碳代谢,虽然短期内抑制了"源"叶片的光合性能,但是生育后期叶片仍能保持相对较高的光合活性和碳代谢关键酶活性利于合成较多的碳水化合物,且刺激茎、叶和叶柄转化为新的库器官。Carbon metabolism is one of the most obvious physiological processes affected by source-sink relationship,which is closely related to plant growth and yield formation.The study of the effect of sink-limiting treatment on carbon metabolism of soybean leaf can provide a theoretical basis for understanding yield reduction mechanism caused by the imbalance of source-sink relationship.Taking early maturing soybean Sudou 13 as materials,pool experiments were carried out at the soybean experimental station of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2019 and 2020.The sink-limiting treatments(all pods removal,1/2 pods removal,and all seed injury) were conducted at R4 stage,and intact(fully podded) plants were used as control.The results showed that sink-limiting treatments delayed leaf senescence and abscission and caused stay-green.Sink-limiting treatments inhibited the net photosynthetic rate(Pn) in a short time after treatment,but did not affect the initial carboxylation rate(ɑ),and the decrease of Pn was mainly restricted by stomata limitation.With the prolongation of the time after treatment,the inhibition effect on photosynthesis gradually weakened and turned into a promoting effect.At late growth stages,the stay-green syndrome leaves still maintain relatively higher initial carboxylation rate(a),sugar phosphate synthase(SPS),sucrose synthase(SuSy),acid invertase(SAI) activity,photosynthetic pigment,soluble sugar,starch,sucrose,and fructose content,which was beneficial to maintaining a relatively high photosynthetic performance.Sink-limiting treatments induced more photosynthetic products to be distributed to vegetative organs,and stimulated stems and leaves to be new sink organs in certain extent,which was beneficial to the output of photosynthetic products and maintained relatively high levels of carbon metabolism of leaves at late growth stages.The effects of removing all pods and seed injury treatments on delaying leaf senescence and abscission,reducing photosynthetic performance and carbon metabolism was s

关 键 词：大豆 碳代谢 源库关系 减库处理 光合性能 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]