水蒸气提取综合实验的教学改进  

Innovations of Comprehensive Steam Distillation Experiment in Teaching

作　　者：廖付敏 刘梦君 杨双勤 刘品华 LIAO Fumin;LIU Mengjun;YANG Shuangqin;LIU Pinhua(School of Chemistry and Environment Science,Qujing Normal University,Qujing Yunnan 655000,China)

机构地区：[1]曲靖师范学院化学与环境科学学院,云南曲靖655011

出　　处：《曲靖师范学院学报》2021年第6期92-97,共6页Journal of Qujing Normal University

基　　金：曲靖师范学院资源与环境化学重点实验室(SYS2010BX01).

摘　　要：水蒸气提取、升华、蒸馏是化学本科学生应具备的有机化学实验基础知识.依据水蒸气提取、升华与蒸馏原理,以香樟树的干落叶为原料,改进水蒸气蒸馏装置为回馏装置,用U型管自动分离樟脑油.樟脑油用滤纸吸附樟油后,剩余固体粗樟脑用真空升华得到纯樟脑,洗脱滤纸吸附的樟油用普通蒸馏回收,实现以樟树叶为原料的水蒸气提取、升华和蒸馏的综合实验教学.实验过程可直接观察到樟脑油的提取分层现象和樟脑晶体的形成过程.改进实验现象明显,装置简单,实验过程安全可靠,原料、产品与生活联系紧密,富有趣味性.通过水蒸气提取、升华、蒸馏实验的技能操作和理解,培养学生应用理论知识创新设计试验的能力.实验用时适中,综合性强,适用于有机化学实验本科教学.Steam extraction,sublimation,and distillation are the basic knowledge of organic chemistry experiments that chemistry undergraduate students should have.Based on their principles and the improvement of steam distillation device,the camphor oil can be extracted by U-shaped tube with the dry leaves of Cinnamomum camphora(L.)Presl as raw material.The essential oil mixed in the camphor oil is adsorbed by filter paper and then recovered by ordinary distillation,correspondingly,and the remaining crude camphor is purified by vacuum sublimation to obtain camphor.Finally,the teaching of comprehensive experiment using natural plants as material is achieved.During the experiment,the extraction and stratification of camphor oil and the formation of camphor crystals can be directly observed.The obvious improvement of the experiment is easily-installed device and moderate time.Moreover,the operation in experiment is safe,interesting,comprehensive and closely connected with life.Through the technical operation and understanding of the comprehensive experiment,students are trained to apply theoretical knowledge to creatively design experiments.Therefore,it is suitable for the undergraduate teaching of organic chemistry experiment.

关 键 词：水蒸气回馏 升华 蒸馏 樟脑油 樟脑 樟油 

分 类 号：G644.5[文化科学—高等教育学]