我国60岁及以上居家老年人失能情况及影响因素分析  

Disability status of the elderly aged 60 and above at home in China and its influence factors

作　　者：蔡敏 张耀光 谢学勤 吴士勇 Cai Min;Zhang Yaoguang;Xie Xueqin;Wu Shiyong(Center for Health Statistics and Information,NHC,Beijing 100810,China)

机构地区：[1]国家卫生健康委统计信息中心,北京100810

出　　处：《中国医院统计》2021年第5期389-394,400,共7页Chinese Journal of Hospital Statistics

摘　　要：目的了解我国60岁及以上居家老年人失能情况及影响因素,为改善老年人健康状况、制定相应的政策措施提供依据。方法利用全国第六次卫生服务统计调查的数据,采用Katz指数量表分析不同地区、不同社会人口学特征、不同家庭经济状况、不同健康状况老年人失能情况及影响失能的因素。结果调查结果显示,6.7%的老年人有不同程度的失能;农村失能情况比城市严重;随年龄升高,失能老人占比明显增加,其中80岁及以上人口中20.1%存在不同程度的失能。多因素logistic回归分析显示,性别、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、家庭经济状况、患慢性病情况、体育锻炼、听力、视力和失智是老年人失能的影响因素。其中男性(OR=1.369)、高龄(OR;=1.568,OR;=3.472)、丧偶(OR=1.248)、患有慢性疾病(OR;=2.140,OR;=3.478,OR;=5.764)、视力困难(OR;=1.249,OR;=1.538)、听力障碍(OR;=1.647,OR;=3.271)、失智(OR=6.559)是老年人失能的危险因素(P<0.05)。文化程度高(OR;=0.876,OR;=0.861,OR;=0.757)、收入高(OR;=0.833,OR;=0.856,OR;=0.858)、每周主动体育锻炼(OR;=0.405,OR;=0.357,OR;=0.331)是老年人失能的保护性因素(P<0.05)。结论通过加强健康教育、加强锻炼、为老人提供适宜的工作环境和生活环境,避免摔倒和保持社会适应能力,有效预防慢性病并加强慢性病管理,延缓老年人功能丧失,减少失能情况的发生。为失能老年人提供全方位的服务,提高老年人生活质量。Objective To learn about the disability status of the elderly aged 60 and above at home in China and its influence factors, and provide evidence for improving the health status of the elderly population and making corresponding policies for the elderly.Methods Data of Chinese national health service survey and Katz index scale were used to analyze the disability status of the elderly population in different regions and different social demographic characteristics, different family economic status and different health status and the factors influencing their disability.Results The survey results showed that 6.7% of the elderly people had different degrees of disability;rural disability was more serious than urban disability;with the increase of age, the degree of disability increased, and 20.1% of the population aged 80 and above had different degrees of disability. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that factors affecting disability were sex, age, marital status, education, economic status, chronic illness status, physical exercises, hearing, vision, dementia etc. Men(OR=1.369), old age(OR;=1.568, OR;≥80=3.472), widowed(OR=1.248), with chronic diseases(OR;=2.140, OR;=3.478, OR;=5.764), visual difficulty(OR;=1.249, OR;=1.538), hearing difficulty(OR;=1.647, OR;=3.271), dementia(OR=6.559)were the risk factors. High education level(OR;=0.876, OR;=0.861, OR;=0.757), high income(OR;=0.833, OR;=0.856, OR;=0.858), Active physical exercise every week(OR;=0.405, OR;=0.357, OR;=0.331) were the protective factors of disability of the elderly.Conclusion In order to reduce the occurrence of disability,it is necessary to strengthen health education,strengthen exercises,provide suitable working and living environmen for the elderly to avoid falls and maintain social adaptability,and effectively prevent chronic diseases and strengthen chronic disease management to delay the loss of function of the elderly.

关 键 词：国家卫生服务统计调查 老年人 失能 

分 类 号：R195.4[医药卫生—卫生统计学]