重庆丘陵地区青贮玉米高产栽培密肥效应  

Effect of Dense Fertilizer on High Yield Cultivation of Silage Maize in Chongqing Hilly Area

作　　者：蒋志成[1] 田红琳[1] 冯定明 刘水泉 张光列 庞家文 李清虎 周茂林[1] JIANG Zhicheng;TIAN Honglin;FENG Dingming;LIU Shuiquan;ZHANG Guanglie;PANG Jiawen;LI Qinghu;ZHOU Maolin(Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 401329,China;Youyang County Agricultural Technical Station,Youyang Chongqing 409899,China;Chongqing Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County Agricultural Technology Promotion Station,Pengshui Chongqing 409699,China;Hechuan District Agricultural Technical Station,Hechuan Chongqing 401520,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市农业科学院,重庆401329 [2]重庆市酉阳县农技站,重庆酉阳409899 [3]重庆市彭水县农技推广站,重庆彭水409699 [4]重庆市合川区农技站,重庆合川401520

出　　处：《耕作与栽培》2021年第5期15-19,共5页Tillage and Cultivation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“南方山地玉米化肥农药减施技术集成研究与示范”(2018 YFD 0200700);国家粮丰工程项目“玉米密植高产宜机收品种筛选及其配套栽培技术”(2016 YFD 030030703)。

摘　　要：为提高青贮玉米生物产量,以渝青玉3号为试验材料,采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计来优化种植密度及氮、磷、钾施肥量。结果表明,种植密度的一次项、所有因素二次项以及磷钾间相互作用对产量的影响显著;鲜产大于75 t·hm^(-2)的优化栽培措施是:种植密度6.64万~6.96万株·hm^(-2)、纯氮301.59~310.26 kg·hm^(-2)、P 2O 587.64~93.69 kg·hm^(-2)和K 2O 73.79~80.15 kg·hm^(-2)。建立的数学模型回归项显著,产量与所设因子间存在较为显著的回归关系,各因子的水平设置基本恰当,模型可以用作预测预报。各因素对产量的作用顺序为:密度(X_(1))>氮肥(X_(2))>钾肥(X_(4))>磷肥(X_(3)),四个因子的二次项均达显著水平,因子间的互作效应未达到显著水平。密度与氮肥互作效应最大的组合为:X_(1)=0.5,X_(2)=0.5,即密度6.75万株·hm^(-2),氮肥用量315 kg·hm^(-2)。磷肥与钾肥互作效应最大的组合为:X_(3)=0,X_(4)=0,即磷肥用量90 kg·hm^(-2),钾肥用量75 kg·hm^(-2),最高产量时经济效益可达44448.01元·hm^(-2)。To improve the biological yield for silage corn,quadratic regression orthogonal rotational combination design with planting density,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizations as experimental factors was used to optimize cultivation technologies for maize Yuqingyu-3 in Chongqing.Results showed that the primary term of planting density,the secondary term of all factors and the interaction between P and K significantly affected the yield.The optimal cultivation measures with fresh yield greater than 75 t·hm^(-2) were planting density of 6.64-69.6 million plants·hm^(-2),pure nitrogen of 301.59-310.26 kg·hm^(-2),P 2O 587.64-93.69 kg·hm^(-2) and K 2O 73.79-80.15 kg·hm^(-2).The regression term of the mathematical model was significant,and there was a significant regression relationship between the yield and the factors.The level of each factor was basically appropriate,and the model could be used for forecasting.The order of the effects of the four factors on yield was:density(X_(1))>Nitrogen(X_(2))>Potassium(X_(4))>Phosphate(X_(3)).The quadratic term of the four factors all reached 0.05 significant level,but the interaction among the factors was not significant.The interaction effect of density and nitrogen fertilizer was the largest:X_(1)=0.5,X_(2)=0.5,that is density 675000 plants·hm^(-2),nitrogen fertilizer dosage 315 kg·hm^(-2).The interaction effect of P fertilizer and K fertilizer was the largest:X_(3)=0,X_(4)=0,which was 90 kg·hm^(-2) for P fertilizer and 75 kg·hm^(-2) for K fertilizer.The economic benefit could reach 44448.01 yuan·hm^(-2) at the highest yield.

关 键 词：青贮玉米 渝青玉3号 密度 施肥量 

分 类 号：S513.04[农业科学—作物学]