隐性听力损失的发生与内耳GLAST相关性的研究进展  

Research Progress on Relationship between Occurrence of Hidden Hearing Loss and GLAST in Inner Ear

作　　者：马科锋 佘晓俊 崔博 MA Kefeng;SHE Xiaojun;CUI Bo(Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine,Academy of Military Medical Sciences,Academy of Military Sciences,Tianjin 300050,China)

机构地区：[1]军事科学院军事医学研究院环境医学与作业医学研究所,天津300050

出　　处：《中华耳科学杂志》2021年第6期973-976,共4页Chinese Journal of Otology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(81673136);军事医学研究院创新基金(2018CXJJ05)。

摘　　要：近年的研究表明,噪声或耳毒性药物可以引起暂时性阈移,病理表现为内毛细胞和I型听觉神经纤维形成的突触缺陷,由于常规手段难以检测故称其为"隐性听力损失"(Hidden Hearing Loss, HHL)。谷氨酸(Glutamate, Glu)兴奋性毒性作为导致HHL的机制已被广泛报道。耳蜗中存在天然的谷氨酸清除系统-谷氨酸/天冬氨酸转运蛋白(Glutamate/aspartic transporter,GLAST),可以清除过多Glu防止兴奋性毒性,然而HHL的发生与内耳GLAST的功能是何关系尚不清楚。本综述将从Glu兴奋性毒性导致HHL、内耳GLAST的分布和功能以及GLAST功能缺陷与HHL的关系几方面进行简述。Recent studies have shown that noise or ototoxic drugs can cause temporary hearing threshold shift,and the pathological manifestation involves synaptic defects between inner hair cells and type I auditory nerve fibers,which is called"hidden hearing loss"(HHL) due to the difficulty in detection by conventional means. The excitotoxicity of glutamate(Glu) has been widely reported as a mechanism leading to HHL. Glutamate/aspartic transporter(GLAST),a natural glutamate clearance system in the cochlea, can remove excess Glu and prevent excitotoxicity. However, the relationship between the function of GLAST in the inner ear and the occurrence of HHL remains unclear. In this review,the Glu excitotoxicity related to HHL, and the distribution and function of GLAST in the inner ear as well as the relationship between GLAST functional defects and HHL will be briefly summarized.

关 键 词：隐性听力损失 谷氨酸 兴奋性毒性 谷氨酸/天冬氨酸转运蛋白 

分 类 号：R764[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]