辐射制冷纳米复合纤维的制备与应用  

Preparation and Application of Radiative Cooling Nanocomposite Fiber

作　　者：钟明峰[1] 程海鑫 张志杰[1] 王俊峰 张晨阳 余亚玲 黄霞 李慧敏 冉雪芹 ZHONG Mingfeng;CHENG Haixin;ZHANG Zhijie;WANG Junfeng;ZHANG Chenyang;YU Yaling;HUANG Xia;LI Huimin;RAN Xueqin(School of Materials Science and Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China;Ceramic Institute,Hanshan Normal University,Chaozhou 521041,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学材料科学与工程学院,广东广州510640 [2]韩山师范学院陶瓷学院,广东潮州521041

出　　处：《华南理工大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第9期95-100,共6页Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52073106)。

摘　　要：以聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)为高分子聚合物基体,以非晶二氧化硅(SiO_(2))为填料,采用静电纺丝法制备具有日间辐射制冷功能的复合纤维,并采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见-近红外(UV-Vis-NIR)分光光度计、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)等对复合纤维的形貌、结构和光学性质进行表征。结果表明:静电纺丝制得的复合纤维直径约为800 nm;纯PMMA纤维的禁带宽度为4.95 eV,不吸收可见光,且纺丝过程中的取向结晶导致纤维内部存在晶区和非晶区,对可见光不透过而呈现白色,因而使纤维的200~2500 nm短波段反射率高达97.57%;经静电纺丝后,适量的纳米SiO_(2)粉体颗粒分散在复合纤维中,可大幅提高复合纤维的发射率;当SiO_(2)的掺量为7.5%(质量分数,余同)时,复合纤维在太阳200~2500 nm短波段的反射率和8~13μm大气窗口的发射率分别高达96.53%和0.903。文中还采用自制装置测试了纤维在实际环境下的降温效果,结果表明,复合纤维具有良好的降温效果,其日间背面温度低于环境温度2~4℃。文中提出的无机粉体与有机物复合的纤维制备模式为辐射制冷材料的实际应用提供了新的方案。By Using polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)as the high-molecular polymer substrate and SiO_(2) as the filler,a kind of composite fiber with daytime radiative cooling function was prepared via electrospinning.Then,the XRD,SEM,TEM,UV-Vis-NIR and FT-IR were used to characterize the morphology,structure and optical properties of the composite fiber.The results show that the diameter of the electrospun composite fiber is about 800 nm in diameter.The forbidden band width of pure PMMA fiber is 4.95 eV,which makes the fiber do not absorb visible light;and the orientation crystallization in the electrospinning process leads to crystalline region and amorphous region in the fiber,which does not transmit visible light and displays white,thus obtaining a 200~2500 nm short-wavelength reflectivity as high as 97.57%.After the electrospinning,nano-SiO_(2) powder particles with appropriate amount are dispersed in the composite fiber,which can greatly improve the emissivity.When the doping amount of SiO_(2) is 7.5%,the reflectivity of the composite fiber in the solar short-wavelength band of 200~2500 nm and the emissivity of the 8~13μm atmospheric window are respectively up to 96.53%and 0.903.By using a self-made device to test the cooling effect in the actual environment,it is found that the composite fiber behaves good cooling effect,the temperature of the back of the composite fiber in the daytime is lower than the ambient temperature by 2~4℃.The proposed preparation method of composite fiber with inorganic powder and organic matrix provides a new solution to the practical application of radiative cooling.

关 键 词：二氧化硅 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 静电纺丝 辐射制冷 纳米复合纤维 

分 类 号：TB383[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]