尾矿管涌溃坝模式及下泄冲击特性试验研究  

Experimental study on dam break mode of tailing piping and discharge impact characteristics

作　　者：吴帅峰 严俊[1] 蔡红[1] 肖建章[1] 杜继芳 刘传鹏 WU Shuai-feng;YAN Jun;CAI Hong;XIAO Jian-zhang;DU Ji-fang;LIU Chuan-peng(State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China;School of Management Science and Engineering,Shandong Technology and Business University,Yantai 264005,China;School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100048 [2]山东工商学院管理科学与工程学院,山东烟台264005 [3]中国矿业大学(北京)力学与建筑工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《岩土工程学报》2021年第11期2134-2141,共8页Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0804607);国家自然科学基金项目(U19A2049)。

摘　　要：为分析尾矿管涌溃坝的演化规律,理清溃坝机理,揭示尾砂流下泄冲击特性,采用现场大型物理模型试验方法对尾矿库管涌溃坝全过程进行试验研究。结果表明:管涌形成冲刷通道,进而出现上部塌落、侧向冲刷的溃坝模式,溃口的发展经历了通道扩大、纵向下切和横向扩展3个过程,并基于此提出了7阶段的溃坝过程;尾砂流下泄速度随距离呈对数型衰减,并基于幂函数形式提出了涵盖冲击速度、密度、埋深的3参数的冲击力模型;尾砂流在坝体近端呈现下切冲刷,远端呈现沉积的特征,在弯道处由于流向转变的过程呈现外侧冲刷掏蚀,内侧沉积淤积的特性,并基于此提出了尾矿坝防护的建议。以上研究成果为尾矿库的防灾减灾提供理论基础。In order to analyze the evolution law of tailing pipe break,clarify the mechanism of tailing dam break,and reveal the impact characteristics of tailing flow,a large-scale physical model test method is used to study the whole process of piping break of a tailing reservoir.The results show that the scour channel is formed by piping,and then the dam break mode of the upper collapse and lateral scour occurs.The development of the breach has gone through three processes:channel expansion,longitudinal undercutting and transverse expansion.Based on this,a 7-stage dam break process is proposed.The tailing flow velocity decays logarithmically with distance,and the 3-parameter impact force model including impact velocity,density and buried mode is as follows:the depth is proposed based on the power function form,and the dam break tailing flow presents undercutting erosion at the near end of the dam body and deposition at the far end.Due to the change process of flow direction at the turning point,it presents the characteristics erosion at the outer side and deposition at the inner side.Based on this,some suggestions for protection of tailing dams are put forward.The above research results may provide theoretical basis for disaster prevention and mitigation of tailing ponds.

关 键 词：尾矿库 管涌 溃口发展 下泄冲击 沉积特性 

分 类 号：TU411[建筑科学—岩土工程]