基于双链的可扩展物联网模型  

Scalable IoT model based on dual blockchains

作　　者：武海霞 黄建华[1] 邵兴辉 麦勇[2] Wu Haixia;Huang Jianhua;Shao Xinghui;Mai Yong(School of Information Science&Engineering,East China University of Science&Technology,Shanghai 200237,China;School of Business,East China University of Science&Technology,Shanghai 200237,China)

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学信息科学与工程学院,上海200237 [2]华东理工大学商学院,上海200237

出　　处：《计算机应用研究》2021年第12期3544-3550,共7页Application Research of Computers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(61472139)。

摘　　要：针对当前区块链和物联网结合面临的存储和交易吞吐量压力进行了研究,提出一种基于双链的可扩展物联网模型。首先,设计了基于交易链和哈希(hash)链的双链存储结构和分区模型,通过交易链差异化存储降低了节点的存储压力,通过hash链提升了系统的整体安全性,并实现了全网数据的自由交易;其次,提出了一种并行多块创建协议(parallel multi-blocks creation protocol,PMCP),降低了系统共识时延,提高了系统的吞吐量,具有良好的可伸缩性;最后,提出了基于信誉的验证者和领导者选举算法,保证了节点选择的随机性和公平性,避免了系统中心化问题,设计了节点信誉值的评估机制,保证了协议的安全性。实验结果表明,该模型存储容量较传统区块链模型有大幅度提升,提高了区块链系统的可扩展性,PMCP协议的吞吐量和时延要明显优于PBFT等协议,所提信誉机制激励节点作出理性选择,可以很好地提升网络的安全性。In view of the fact that the storage and transaction throughput problems faced by the combination of blockchain and the Internet of Things(IoT),this paper proposed a scalable IoT model based on dual blockchains.Firstly,it designed a dual blockchain storage structure based on transaction chain and hash chain and a partition model.The differentiated storage of the transaction chains reduced the storage burden of the nodes,and the hash chain improved the overall security of the system and realized the free transaction of data in the entire network.Secondly,it proposed the PMCP,which reduced the system consensus delay,improved the system throughput and had better scalability.Finally,the reputation-based verifier and leader election algorithm ensured the randomness and fairness of node selection,avoided the problem of system centralization,and it designed a node reputation value evaluation mechanism to ensure the security of the protocol.The experimental results show that the storage capacity of the model is greatly improved compared with the traditional blockchain model,and the scalability of the blockchain system is enhanced.The performance of PMCP are significantly better than that of other protocols.The reputation mechanism encourages nodes to make rational choices,which can greatly enhance the security of the network.

关 键 词：区块链 物联网 共识机制 信誉机制 双链 

分 类 号：TP309[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]