不同产地苦楝果实和果核表型多样性分析  

Analysis on phenotypic variations of fruit and core traits of Melia azedarach from different seed sources

作　　者：蔡金峰[1] 郁万文[1] 汪贵斌[1] 曹福亮[1] CAI Jinfeng;YU Wanwen;WANG Guibin;CAO Fuliang(Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2021年第11期1-9,共9页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0600700);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(16)1005)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过分析不同产地苦楝果实和种核表型性状,探讨其变异程度和变异规律,为苦楝引种栽培提供科学依据。【方法】采用巢式方差分析、多重比较、相关分析和聚类分析等方法,对15个产地苦楝的果实和种核的8个表型性状变异特征、变异来源、表型分化水平、与地理气候因子的相关性以及种源的聚类特征进行了分析。【结果】苦楝各表型性状在产地内和产地间均达到极显著差异,产地间的遗传分化显著。各表型性状在产地内的变异系数变幅为8.24%~20.78%,平均变异系数为14.47%,其中果形指数的变异系数最小(10.14%),种核体积的变异系数最大(22.67%)。8个表型性状在产地间和产地内的平均方差分量百分比分别为18.00%和53.68%,产地间表型分化系数为6.34%~31.80%,均值为23.89%。相关分析结果表明,果长、果宽、核长、核宽、种核体积和种核百粒重等指标,两两间存在极显著正相关;果形指数与核形指数呈极显著正相关,与其他性状相关性不显著;各表型性状与经度均呈负相关关系,除果形指数和种核百粒重,其余性状指标与纬度也呈负相关关系。主成分分析表明,前两个主成分累计贡献率达90.93%,第一主成分反映了果实、种核的大小,第二主成分反映了果实、种核的形状特征。利用欧式平均距离—类间平均连锁法将15个产地分成3大类,湖南长沙产地单独聚为一类,广东汕头、河南信阳、江西南昌和江西井冈山产地聚为一类,其余产地聚为一类。【结论】15个产地苦楝果实和种核表型性状变异丰富,基于表型性状的种质资源筛选潜力较大;产地内变异是苦楝表型变异的主要来源;苦楝果实和种核性状受经度和纬度的双重影响,整体上表现出果实和种核由北向南、由东向西逐渐增大的趋势;聚类结果与产地的地理分布相关性不明显,产地间的表型性状未形成连续变异,呈随机�【Objective】The phenotypic characters of fruit and core of Melia azedarach from different localities were measured and analyzed to explore the degree and pattern of variation,so as to provide scientific basis for the introduction and cultivation of Melia azedarach.【Method】The phenotypic,variation characteristics,variation source,phenotypic differentiation level,correlation with geographical and climatic factors and clustering characteristics of 8 phenotypic characters of fruit and core were analyzed by nest analysis of variance,multiple comparison,correlation analysis and cluster analysis.【Result】The phenotypic characters of fruit and core of Melia azedarach were significantly different among seed sources and within seed sources.The variation coefficient of phenotypic characters of different seed sources was 8.24%to 20.78%and the average variation coefficient was 14.47%.Among the phenotypic characters,the average variation coefficient of fruit shape index was the smallest(10.14%)and the average variation coefficient of core volume was the largest(22.67%).The average variance component percentage of 8 phenotypic traits among seed sources and within seed sources were 18.00%and 53.68%,respectively.The variation range of phenotypic differentiation coefficient among seed sources was 6.34%to 31.80%,and the average was 23.89%.The results of correlation analysis showed that the indexes of fruit vertical diameter,fruit horizontal diameter,core vertical diameter,core horizontal diameter,core volume and 100-core weight had significant positive correlation with each other;the indexes of fruit shape index and core weight had significant positive correlation with each other,but had no significant correlation with other characters;the phenotypic characters had negative correlation with longitude,except fruit shape index and 100-core weight,the other characters were also negatively correlated with latitude.The cumulative contribution rate of the first two principal components was 90.93%,which reflected the size and sh

关 键 词：苦楝 种子产地 表型性状 地理变异 

分 类 号：S792.33[农业科学—林木遗传育种]