注射蛇毒建立新型臂丛神经痛动物模型的实验研究  

A new rat model of brachial plexus neuralgia produced by injection of cobra venoms into its lower trunk

作　　者：吕一冬 任有忠[2] 魏方萌[3] 孙文垚 范天仁[1] 田刘军[1] 刘采采 Lyu Yidong;Ren Youzhong;Wei Fangmeng;Sun Wenyao;Fan Tianren;Tian Liujun;Liu Caicai(Department of Pain Medicine,Weifang People's Hospital,Weifang City,Shandong Province 262100,China;Department of Dentistry,Weifang People's Hospital,Weifang City,Shandong Province 262100,China;Department of Clinical Laboratory,Weifang People's Hospital,Weifang City,Shandong Province 262100,China;Department of Anesthesiology,Weifang People's Hospital,Weifang City,Shandong Province 262100,China)

机构地区：[1]潍坊市人民医院疼痛科,山东省潍坊市262100 [2]潍坊市人民医院牙科,山东省潍坊市262100 [3]潍坊市人民医院检验科,山东省潍坊市262100 [4]潍坊市人民医院麻醉科,山东省潍坊市262100

出　　处：《中华疼痛学杂志》2021年第5期472-476,共5页Chinese Journal Of Painology

基　　金：潍坊市卫生计生委科研项目(2017wsjs067)。

摘　　要：目的采用眼镜蛇毒注入大鼠臂丛神经下干的方法,探索建立新型臂丛神经痛大鼠模型的可行性。方法雄性SD大鼠36只,2~3月龄,体重250~300 g,采用随机数字表法分为3组(n=12),分别为对照组、假手术组、蛇毒组。腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠麻醉后,取仰卧位固定,沿右侧锁骨下缘向腋窝方向做1 cm切口,显露与锁骨下静脉伴行的臂丛神经,予臂丛神经下干内注射4μl眼镜蛇毒(100 mg眼镜蛇毒溶于1 ml无菌生理盐水抽取4μl);假手术组注射相同容量生理盐水,对照组不做任何处理。各组于术前3 d和术后3、6、9、12、15、20、30和60 d时观察大鼠左前肢及右后肢对机械刺激的疼痛反应阈值;于术后14、60 d时于假手术组、蛇毒组各取2只大鼠行4%多聚甲醛和2%戊二醛混合溶液主动脉灌注后取材,电镜下观察臂丛神经和颈髓(C_(8)~T_(1))的超微结构改变。结果3组大鼠在术前3 d时左前肢及右后肢机械痛阈值差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05),但蛇毒组大鼠左前肢及右后肢机械痛阈值在术后各时点明显降低,与对照组和假手术组大鼠相比差异均有统计学意义,且差异持续至术后60 d(P均<0.05)。电镜下观察注射蛇毒后的大鼠右侧臂丛下干及颈髓(C_(8)~T_(1))发现有明显脱髓鞘改变。结论大鼠臂丛神经下干鞘内注入眼镜蛇毒可成功模拟臂丛神经痛,神经受损后臂丛神经和中枢神经相应节段同时发生脱髓鞘改变。Objective To establish a new animal model for the study of neuropathic pain induced by injection of cobra venoms into the brachial plexus lower trunk.Methods Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:(1)control group(n=12);(2)sham-operated group(n=12);(3)cobra venom group(n=12).Under pentobarbital sodium anesthesia,1 cm incision was made from the sternum to the axillary region in the right supine position of rats.The cobra venoms(100 mg of cobra venom dissolved in 1 ml of sterile saline and then 4μl was drawn)was injected into the lower trunk of brachial plexus in the cobra venom group,and saline in the sham-operated group.The control group was not given any intervention.Mechanical withdrawal thresholds(MWT)were tested with von Frey filaments in the right hindpaw and the left forepaw at 3 d before the operation and 3rd,6th,9th,12th,15th,20th,30th and 60th days after the operation.Two rats from both the sham-operated group and cobra venom group on 14th and 60th day after the operation respectively,were perfused intracardially with warm saline followed by a mixed solution of 4%paraformaldehyde and 2%glutaraldehyde under general anesthesia for electron microscope examination.The brachial plexus(BP)and cervical cord(C_(8)-T_(1))were observed after the rats were perfused intracardially.Results In comparison with the control and sham-operated groups,the rats treated with cobra venom showed a profound decrease in the MWT(all P<0.05).The changes were long-lasting up to 60 days,in both ipsilateral and contralateral paws.Furthermore,the microscopic examination showed that the myelin sheath was demyelinated in the BP and cervical cord(C_(8)-T_(1))after injection of cobra venoms to the lower trunk.Conclusions Injection of cobra venoms into the rats'brachial plexus lower trunk produces allodynia,successfully establishing an animal model of brachial plexus neuralgia.Demyelination alternation is underwent in the brachial plexus and cervical cord after injection of cobra venoms into the lo

关 键 词：臂丛神经 神经痛 动物模型 蛇毒 脱髓鞘疾病 

分 类 号：R285.5[医药卫生—中药学]