微咸水补灌对黄河三角洲小麦旗叶衰老及产量构成的影响  

Effects of Supplementary Irrigation with Brackish Water on Flag Leaf Senescence and Yield Components of Wheat in the Yellow River Delta

作　　者：董欢欢 李梅桢 谷强远 韩伟 武迪 刘义国[1] 万雪洁 师长海[1] Dong Huanhuan;Li Meizhen;Gu Qiangyuan;Han Wei;Wu Di;Liu Yiguo;Wan Xuejie;Shi Changhai(Qingdao Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Dry Farming Technology of Shandong Province,Qingdao 266109,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Shandong Province,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学/山东省旱作农业技术重点实验室,山东青岛266109 [2]山东省农业技术推广中心,山东济南250100

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2021年第11期21-27,共7页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省高等学校青创科技支持计划项目(2019KJF013);山东省重点研发计划项目(2017CXGC0307)。

摘　　要：为给黄河三角洲盐碱地区小麦高效栽培提供理论依据,本试验采用随机区组设计,设灌溉水含盐量分别为0 g/L(淡水,对照)、2、3、4 g/L 4个微咸水浓度处理,研究拔节期补灌对土壤盐分、小麦衰老生理和农艺性状指标的影响。结果表明,微咸水浓度为2 g/L时,土壤盐分分布与淡水无异,3 g/L和4 g/L时土壤上层(0~60 cm)积盐严重;2 g/L微咸水灌溉小麦旗叶的光合速率、千粒重、产量、收获指数及丙二醛含量与对照无显著差异,而脯氨酸含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于0、4 g/L处理。4 g/L微咸水灌溉小麦株高、旗叶光合、产量及收获指数显著低于其它处理,丙二醛含量分别比0、2、3 g/L处理高169.8%、144.2%和43.9%。黄河三角洲地区淡水资源短缺,可以考虑在小麦拔节期使用2 g/L微咸水代替淡水灌溉,小麦可以通过积累脯氨酸和提高SOD活性来延缓旗叶衰老,获得较高产量,且对土壤盐分影响较小;而4 g/L含盐量及以上浓度的咸水不适合用来进行小麦拔节期补灌。In order to provide theoretical bases for efficient cultivation of wheat in saline alkali area of the Yellow River Delta, supplementary irrigation with different concentrations of brackish water were set to analyze their effects on flag leaf senescence characteristics and yield of wheat. A randomized block design was used, and the soil salinity, physiological and agronomic indexes of wheat at jointing stage were determined. The results showed that when the salinity of irrigation water was 2 g/L, the distribution of soil salt was the same as that of fresh water. When the salinity of irrigation water was 3 g/L and 4 g/L, the salt accumulation in the upper layer of soil(0~60 cm) was serious. The photosynthetic rate, 1 000-grain weight, yield, harvest index and malondialdehyde(MDA) content of flag leaves under 2 g/L brackish water irrigation were not different from those under fresh water irrigation, while the proline content and superoxide dismutase activity were significantly higher than those under fresh water and 4 g/L brackish water irrigation. The plant height, flag leaf photosynthesis, yield and harvest index of wheat under 4 g/L brackish water irrigation were significantly lower than those of the other treatments, while the MDA content was 169.8%, 144.2% and 43.9% higher than that of fresh water, 2 g/L and 3 g/L brackish water irrigation, respectively. In the case of shortage of fresh water resources in the Yellow River Delta region, it could be considered to use 2 g/L brackish water irrigation instead of fresh water irrigation at jointing stage, which could obtain higher yield but little effect on soil salinity through delaying flag leaf senescence by accumulating proline and increasing SOD activity. The 4 g/L or above brackish water were not suitable for supplementary irrigation at jointing stage of wheat.

关 键 词：小麦 黄河三角洲盐碱地 微咸水灌溉 农艺性状 旗叶衰老特性 产量 

分 类 号：S512.107.1[农业科学—作物学]