环境侵权中惩罚性赔偿原则的适用  

The Applicable Conditions of Punitive Compensation Principles in Environmental Tort

作　　者：胡咏晗 HU Yong-han(Hunan Vocational College of Railway Technology,Changsha,412006,Hunan)

机构地区：[1]湖南铁路科技职业技术学院,湖南株洲412006

出　　处：《湖南警察学院学报》2021年第4期80-87,共8页Journal of Hunan Police Academy

摘　　要：生态文明理念对于预防、惩戒环境侵权行为的制度建设提出了更高的要求,且因环境侵权案件的复杂性、特殊性,以及惩罚性赔偿制度在消费者权益、知识产权保护等领域的成熟应用,《民法典》第一千二百三十二条开创性地将惩罚性赔偿原则引入环境侵权领域,但该条的适用标准不甚明确,给予了法官较大的自由裁量权。因此,在我国环境侵权案件中确立惩罚性赔偿制度应进一步明确环境侵权惩罚性赔偿制度的适用条件,并从构成要件视角、侵权案件类型视角、责任竞合视角三个方面展开,进一步合理化惩罚性赔偿原则的适用标准,以避免惩罚性赔偿被滥用或存在矫枉过正的可能性,抑或受限于以恢复原状为目的的补偿性损害赔偿观的限制。The concept of ecological civilization puts forward higher requirements for the construction of the system of preventing and punishing environmental torts,and because of the complexity and particularity of environmental tort cases,as well as the mature application of punitive damages system in the fields of consumer rights and intellectual property protection,Article 1232 of the Civil Code creatively introduces the principle of punitive compensations into the field of environmental tort.However,the applicable standard of this article is not very clear,which gives the judge greater discretion.Therefore,the establishment of a punitive compensation system in Chinese environmental tort cases should further clarify the applicable conditions of the environmental tort punitive compensation system and start from three angle:the perspective of constitutive elements,the type of tort cases,and the concurrence of liability,and further rationalize the application standard of the punitive compensation principle,thus to avoid the abuse of punitive compensation or the possibility of overcorrection,or limited by the view of compensatory damages for restitution.

关 键 词：惩罚性赔偿 环境侵权责任 构成要件 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]