基于工厂调研的堆肥原料种类和理化性质分析  

Analysis of compost material variety and physical and chemical properties based on factory enterprises

作　　者：许俊香[1] 孙钦平[1] 郎乾乾 李钰飞[1] 刘本生[1] 李吉进[1] XU Junxiang;SUN Qinping;LANG Qianqian;LI Yufei;LIU Bensheng;LI Jijin(Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resources and Environment,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,北京100097

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2021年第11期2412-2418,共7页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：北京市农林科学院农业科技示范推广项目(2021703);奶牛产业技术体系北京市创新团队项目(BAIC06-2021);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0800106-04,2016YFD0800602)。

摘　　要：为了解我国堆肥原料种类和理化性质,于2017—2018年对全国346家有机肥生产企业开展调研,采集堆肥原料样品并进行理化性质测定和分析。结果表明:累计采集动物粪便、作物秸秆、园林废弃物、蔬菜尾菜、农副产品加工副产物和餐厨垃圾等堆肥原料样品共36种523个,未采集到马粪、驴粪、骡子粪和圈粪。畜禽粪便氮磷钾总养分呈升高趋势,牛粪、猪粪、羊粪和鸡粪与20 a前相比分别增加27.4%、8.2%、1.7%和26.9%,其中氮增加幅度为-12.5%~19.7%,磷增加幅度为17.1%~56.1%,钾增加幅度为-8.2%~21.9%。不同原料N/P差异性大,畜禽粪便N/P普遍低于秸秆类。在过去的20 a间,马粪、驴粪、骡子粪和圈粪等不再是主要的堆肥原料。以畜禽粪便为主要原料的堆肥N/P与C/N呈显著正相关,堆肥时可通过调控C/N获得适宜的N/P,减少土壤磷素累积。To improve composting efficiency in organic fertilizer enterprises,an investigation was performed in 346 organic fertilizer enterprises in China,and the physical and chemical properties of compost material samples were determined from 2017 to 2018.A total of 523 samples of composted raw materials,including animal manure,crop straw,garden waste,vegetable tail,by-product processing,and kitchen wastes,were collected.However,horse,donkey,and mule dung were not collected.Compared to the total nutrient content of animal waste 20 years ago,the content was 27.4%,8.2%,1.7%and 26.9%higher in cow dung,pig manure,sheep manure,and chicken manure,respectively.The N/P of animal manure was lower than that of straw.In the past 20 years,horse,donkey,and mule dung have not been the main composting materials.The total nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium values of cow dung,pig manure,sheep manure,and chicken manure showed an increasing trend.There was a significant positive correlation between N/P and C/N of livestock and poultry manure.The appropriate N/P could be obtained by regulating C/N during composting to reduce the soil phosphorus accumulation.

关 键 词：工厂调研 堆肥原料 种类变化 理化性质 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]