分子笼在新型含能化合物制备中的应用进展  

Review on the Molecular Cage in the Preparation of Novel Energetic Compounds

作　　者：郭松松 丁可伟[1] 卜建华[1] 屈晨曦 刘红利[1] 张敏[1] 葛忠学[1] GUONG Song-song;DING Ke-wei;BU Jian-hua;QU Cheng-xi;LIU Hong-li;ZHANG Min;GE Zhong-xue(Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 71065,China)

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《含能材料》2021年第12期1216-1228,共13页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

摘　　要：高张力键或高能化学键是构成颠覆性含能材料的重要基元,但由于难形成、易断裂,它们的构筑一直是化学与含能材料领域中的一个难题。利用分子笼独特的内部空间“协助”构筑此类化学键为相关研究提供了一条可行的路线,并且已经付诸实践。本文归纳了分子笼的“限域效应”、弱相互作用及电子传输等特性,探讨了其在阻止氧气氧化P4等高张力材料、稳定芳基五唑等高活性物质、富集NaN_(3)等反应物以加速反应、改变反应路径等过程中的作用,梳理了分子笼在这些过程中扮演的“防火墙”、“稳定剂”、“加速器”、“搬道工”等角色,为分子笼在TdN_(4)等新型含能化合物的制备与能量可控释放研究提供借鉴。同时,也指出了今后研究的重点方向:设计、合成新型高效的分子笼;开发良好的表征分子笼复合物的方法手段;加强多重环境响应分子笼与含能材料的复合与释放研究。High tension bonds or high⁃energy bonds are important elements in the formation of disruptive energetic materials,but it′s hard to form and easy to break,.Their construction has always been a difficult problemin the field of chemistry and energetic materials.By using the unique internal space of molecular cages to“assist”the construction of such chemical bonds provides a feasible route for related research,and has been put into practice.This review summarized“confinement effect”,weak interac⁃tion,electron transport and other characteristics of molecular cages.It is discussed that it can prevent oxygen oxidation of P4 and other high⁃tension materials,stabilize aryl pentazoles and other high active substances,reactants such as NaN_(3) to accelerate the reaction,change the reaction path.The roles of molecular cages in these processes,such as“firewall”,“stabilizer”,“accelera⁃tor”,“channel remover”and others,were reviewed,which provided references for the preparation of novel energetic com⁃pounds such as TdN_(4) and the study of controllable energy release.At the same time,it also points out the key direction of future research:design and synthesis of new and efficient molecular cages.developing good characterization methods and means of molecular cage complex.Enhance the composite and release of multi⁃environment responsive molecular cages and energetic ma⁃terials.

关 键 词：分子笼 新型含能化合物 分子容器 纳米反应器 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O62[理学—有机化学]