非洲锆矿资源地质特征及勘查开发  

Geological Characteristics,Exploration and Development of Zirconium Resources in Africa

作　　者：张振芳[1] 王靓靓[1] 于瑞 陈秀法[1] 陈喜峰[1] 李仰春[1] 张新元[1] 高爱红[1] ZHANG Zhenfang;WANG Liangliang;YU Rui;CHEN Xiufa;CHEN Xifeng;LI Yangchun;ZHANG Xinyuan;GAO Aihong(Development Research Center of China Geological Survey,Beijing 100037)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局发展研究中心,北京100037

出　　处：《地质与勘探》2021年第6期1257-1268,共12页Geology and Exploration

基　　金：自然资源部中国地质调查局战略性矿产资源政策与投资环境评价(编号:DD20211404)和“一带一路”资源与环境信息采集及产品开发(编号:DD20190455)联合资助。

摘　　要：非洲锆资源丰富,沿海岸带成群连片分布。通过对非洲51个锆矿床(点)的地质特征、时空分布及勘查开发历史和现状等进行分析研究,查明非洲的锆资源具有分布集中、规模大、易采易选,伴生矿物种类多,综合利用价值高等特点。非洲已查明锆储量占全球52%,其中莫桑比克、南非、马达加斯加、塞内加尔和肯尼亚集中了非洲99%的锆矿资源。矿床类型以滨海锆砂矿为主,矿体多为平行海岸线的沙丘群,通常为上新世-全新世未固结的薄而平坦的砂层,走向延伸10~100 km,重矿物以锆石、金红石和钛铁矿为主,含量2%~12%。非洲锆矿的勘查始于20世纪20年代的尼罗河三角洲,开发始于20世纪50年代的南非,特诺、力拓等大型矿业公司是非洲锆矿开发的主力,济南域潇集团等中资企业近年来积极参与。非洲的锆矿开发主要集中在南非和莫桑比克,近10年来的产量约占全球锆产量的40%,成为全球主要锆资源供应地。马达加斯加和肯尼亚的锆矿资源丰富,是与中国签署共建“一带一路”谅解备忘录的国家,与中国在锆矿资源领域的合作潜力巨大。Africa is well-endowed with zirconium resources which occur in clusters along the African coastline.Fifty-one zirconium deposits or mineralization spots have been studied on their geological characteristics,spatials and temporal distribution,histories and status of exploration and development.Results show that the zirconium resources in Africa are characterized by clustered distribution,large scale,easy mining and milling,with many kinds of associated minerals and can be comprehensively used.The zirconium reserves account for 52%of the total in the world,and about 99%of Africa's zirconium resources concentrate in Mozambique,South Africa,Madagascar,Senegal and Kenya.The deposit type is mainly coastal zirconium placer,and the ore bodies are largely coastal-parallel sand dunes,generally thin and flat sand beds that were not consolidated of Pliocene-Holocene,extending 10~100 km in strike,and heavy minerals are mainly zircon,rutile and ilmenite with heavy minerals content 2%~12%.The earliest reports of zirconium exploration along the African coastline were near the Nile Delta around the 1920s,and the mining of zirconium deposits started in South Africa in the 1950s.Large mining companies such as Tronox and Rio Tinto are the main force of mining zirconium deposits in Africa.Jinan Yuxiao Group and other Chinese-funded enterprises actively participated the development in recent years.The production of zirconium in Africa is mainly concentrated in South Africa and Mozambique.The output in the past 10 years has accounted for about 40%of the world,and Africa is becoming the world's major supply of zirconium.Madagascar and Kenya are well-endowed with zirconium resources,both are countries that have signed a memorandum on the joint construction of the“Belt and Road”with China,having a great potential for cooperation with China in mining zirconium.

关 键 词：锆矿 资源特征 勘查开发 投资潜力 非洲 

分 类 号：P624.6[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]