互联网时代竞争法中消费者利益的角色反思与认定完善  

Reflection on the Role and Identification of Consumers’Interests of Competition Law in Internet Age

作　　者：陈耿华 Chen Genghua

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学经济法学院 [2]中国商业法研究会

出　　处：《兰州学刊》2021年第11期122-133,共12页

基　　金：2021年国家社科基金项目(项目编号:21CFX042);中国博士后第67批面上资助(项目编号:2020M673106);中国博士后第14批特别资助(项目编号:2021T140574);2021年重庆市教委科学技术研究计划项目(项目编号:KJQN202100301)。

摘　　要：互联网时代如何为消费者利益输送来自竞争法层面的特殊保护,是当下全球竞争法致力探求的重大命题。实证考察913份互联网不正当竞争案件判决书发现,司法实践浸润浓厚的“经营者中心主义”情结,消费者利益未获应有重视。对此,基于各国竞争法演变规律、互联网时代消费者利益功能的反向驱动及消费者位于互联网竞争生态链的特殊地位,证成中国竞争法应重新定位消费者利益并构筑经营者与消费者二元中心体系。为破解消费者界定难题,建议借助理性人标准,导入“理性消费者建构—消费场景重构—透过认知图式得出结论”流程。针对消费者利益抗辩认定困境,进一步证成以比例原则为分析工具,但应涵摄适当性审查—必要性审查—平衡性审查的完整历程。How to deliver special protection from competition law for consumer interests is an important proposition of global competition law in internet age.By studying 913 judgments of unfair competition cases,it is found that“operator-centralism”is obvious in judiciary and consumer interests are not valued sufficiently.Considering development trend of competition law in various countries,reverse impact of consumer interests’function and core position of consumers in competitive ecology chain,it proves that China’s competition law should re-orientate consumer interests and construct a dual-center system of operators and consumers.In order to solve the problem of defining consumers,it can be used applicable process of rational person standard including following steps of construct rational consumers,reconstruct consumption scenarios and draw conclusions through cognitive models.In order to solve the problem of analysis of consumer’s interest defense,it’s proved that using principle of proportionality as the analysis tool is appropriate.However,it should undergo three steps including appropriateness review,necessity review and balance review.

关 键 词：互联网 反不正当竞争法 经营者利益 消费者利益 比例原则 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]