数字技术对中国制造业增长速度及质量的影响--基于专利应用分类与行业异质性的实证分析  

The Impact of Digital Technology on the Growth Rate and Quality of China's Manufacturing Industry:An Empirical Analysis Based on Patent Application Classification and Industry Heterogeneity

作　　者：陈楠 蔡跃洲[2] NAN CHEN;YUEZHOU CAI(Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,100732)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院数量经济与技术经济研究所 [2]中国社会科学院数量经济与技术经济研究所数字经济研究室

出　　处：《产业经济评论》2021年第6期46-67,共22页Review of Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目“宏观大数据建模和预测研究”(71991475);国家自然科学基金面上项目“新一代信息技术影响增长动力及产业结构的理论与经验研究”(71873144);国家社会科学基金重点项目“数字经济对中国经济发展的影响研究”(18AZD006)。

摘　　要：在新发展阶段,为了提高中国制造业国际竞争力、实现高质量发展,须加快推进数字技术与制造业深度融合,保持合理增长速度的同时提升发展质量。本文基于2001年至2017年我国27个制造业细分行业的面板数据,以数字技术专利统计量作为技术进步和渗透应用的代理变量,对轻纺制造业、资源加工业、机械设备制造业三大类别进行分组回归。结果表明,数字技术对制造业增长的促进作用具有显著的行业异质性特征,集中体现在机械设备制造业,而对轻纺制造业和资源加工业的渗透影响不足。以机械设备制造业为样本的机制检验结果表明,数字技术主要通过提高成本利润率、减少用工数量、降低用工成本等路径提高制造业的增长质量,而在提升产品质量、促进创新等方面的影响有限。To improve the international competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry and achieve high-quality development in the new development stage,it is necessary to accelerate the in-depth integration of digital technology and manufacturing industry,not only to maintain a reasonable growth rate,but also to improve the quality of development.Based on the panel data of 27 manufacturing sub-industries in China from 2001 to 2017,this paper uses digital technology patent as a proxy variable for technology progress and application.Light&textile manufacturing industry,resource processing industry,and machinery&equipment manufacturing industry are categorized and regressed separately.Results show that digital technology plays very different roles in promoting growth as for different manufacturing categories.Growth benefits are mainly concentrated in the machinery&equipment manufacturing industry,whereas the penetration into and impact on light&textile manufacturing industry and resource processing industry are insufficient.By focusing on the machinery&equipment manufacturing industry panel,we further our findings in digital technology’s influencing mechanism.Digital technology contributes to the growth quality of the manufacturing industry mainly by increasing profitto-cost ratio,downsizing workforce scale,and reducing labor cost.Technology’s impact on product quality and innovation are still quite limited.

关 键 词：制造业增长 数字化转型 专利应用分类 行业异质性 影响机制 

分 类 号：TP399[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术] F424[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]