风环境视野下基于AI的高层住宅总图生成方法  

Layout generation method of high-rise residential buildings based on AI in view of wind environment

作　　者：应小宇 秦小颖 陈佳卉 高婧 刘紫乔 YING Xiao-yu;QIN Xiao-ying;CHEN Jia-hui;GAO Jing;LIU Zi-qiao(College of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;School of Engineering,Zhejiang University City College,Hangzhou 310015,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学建筑工程学院,浙江杭州310058 [2]浙大城市学院工程学院,浙江杭州310015

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（工学版）》2021年第11期2186-2193,共8页Journal of Zhejiang University：Engineering Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51878608);浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LY18E080025).

摘　　要：针对高层居住区布局的自动生成方法和风速预测技术进行研究,设计主要用于住宅布局自动生成、风环境性能模拟与对比寻优的方法.根据中国长三角地区居住区数据提取和建筑法规,提出遗传算法的适应度函数和优化目标,建立建筑布局自动生成算法;利用全卷积神经网络(FCN)的图像学习特点,构建基于全卷积神经网络的计算流体动力学(CFD)代理模型,得到优化布局的风速分布特征.实验结果表明,所提出方法的误差在有效范围内.此外,相比传统风环境模拟软件Phoenics,所提出方法能显著降低风环境模拟耗时,并有效避免建筑师个人经验的局限性问题.该方法可以自动学习方案排布,快速得出特定容积率与地块条件下高层住宅布局的最优解法,为当今快节奏的建筑设计提供人居环境性能方面的指导.The automatic generation method and wind speed prediction technology of high-rise residential layout were studied,and the method of automatic generation,wind environment simulation and comparative optimization for high-rise residential area was developed.The fitness function and optimization goal of genetic algorithm were proposed,and the automatic generation algorithm of building layout was established,according to the data extraction of residential area and building regulations in Yangtze River Delta region of China.A computational fluid dynamics(CFD)proxy model based on fully convolutional neural networks(FCN)was constructed to obtain the wind speed distribution characteristics of optimal layout,based on the image learning characteristics of FCN.The optimization effect and wind environment prediction effect were analyzed,and results showed that the the error of the proposed method was within the effective range.In addition,compared with Phoenics,the proposed method can significantly reduce the wind environment simulation time,and effectively avoid the limitations of architects’personal experience.This method can automatically learn scheme arrangement,quickly get the optimal solution of high-rise residential layout under specific plot ratio and plot conditions,and provide guidance for the performance of living environment in today’s fast-paced architectural design.

关 键 词：人工智能 室外风环境 高层住宅区 总图布局 软件开发 

分 类 号：TU241[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论] TU98