“文章本心术”与黄庭坚诗文创作学习门径  

“Literature Creation is Based on Cultivation”and Huang Ting-jian's Literary Creation Learning Path

作　　者：傅元琼 FU Yuan-qiong(School of Humanities,Taizhou University,Taizhou 225300,China)

机构地区：[1]泰州学院人文学院,江苏泰州225300

出　　处：《南昌师范学院学报》2021年第5期45-50,65,共7页Journal of Nanchang Normal University

摘　　要：惠洪《冷斋夜话》载“夺胎”“换骨”诗法是否为黄庭坚提出曾引争议。黄庭坚主张“文章本心术”,认为治心养性是创作优秀诗文的前提与基础;治心养性要恪守儒家传统道德,温柔敦厚,坚守文人节操,不贪富贵名利;把读书看作治心养性与学习写作的重要途径,提出读书首推经史,兼及其他,最终实现“师心自行”;强调在精读一书的基础上逐步实现精博;阅读中要学习体悟义理与作法;创作学习要循序渐进,从“入古人绳墨”逐渐摆脱古人绳墨,最终达到“不烦绳削而自合”的境界。“夺胎”“换骨”法与黄庭坚渐进式、深培厚植的诗文创作学习门径格格不入。而陈师道诗“学诗如学仙,时至骨自换”的“换骨”则与黄庭坚的观点较为契合。Whether the poetic method of“Duotai”and“Huangu”contained in Hui-hong's“Lengzhai Yehua”was put forward by Huang Ting-jian has attracted controversy.Huang Ting-jian put forward the idea of“literary creation is based on cultivation”,and regarded self-cultivation as the premise and basis of creating excellent poetry and prose.To achieve self-cultivation,it calls for abiding by Confucian traditional morality,being gentle and honest,adhering to literati's moral integrity and preventing from greed for wealth and fame.Huang regarded reading as an important way to cultivate one's mind and to learn writing.Emphasized the foundation of intensively reading one book,he put forward that reading should primarily be based on the classics and history,then giving attention to other books,so as to“express one's own mind”and gradually achieve proficiency in reading extensively.Learners are supposed to understand argumentation and learn the way of writing in reading.In learning to write,efforts should be made in an orderly way,starting from“understanding the ancients'rules”to not being constrained by them,finally achieving the level of“writing in an ambiguous and natural way without bothering to proofread”.“Duotai”and“Huangu”is incompatible with Huang Ting-jian's gradual-development and deep-cultivation way of literature creation;whereas Chen Shi-dao's view embedded in“learning poetry is like learning to become immortals;given enough time,one is about to become an excellent poet”is more consistent with Huang Ting-jian's.

关 键 词：黄庭坚 江西文派 文章本心术 夺胎换骨 《冷斋夜话》 

分 类 号：I207.2[文学—中国文学]