前沿经济理论视野下的数据要素研究进展  

Overview of Current Studies on Data Factor

作　　者：荣健欣 王大中 Rong Jianxin;Wang Dazhong

机构地区：[1]中山大学港澳珠江三角洲研究中心,广东省广州市510275 [2]南京大学经济学院,江苏省南京市210093

出　　处：《南方经济》2021年第11期18-43,共26页South China Journal of Economics

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“新时代粤港澳大湾区协调发展机制体系研究”(18ZDA041);国家自然科学基金重点项目“构建服务‘一带一路’的粤港澳区域联动机制及发展研究”(U1601218);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(19YJC790129);国家自然科学基金青年项目(72003207)的资助。

摘　　要：数字经济蓬勃发展,数据要素逐渐成为学术和政策讨论的重要议题。数据要素在要素特性、市场化机制、经济价值等方面相对传统生产要素有较大差异,对其研究亟待创新建模思路。经济学理论已经积累不少相关文献。文章着眼于数据要素的特性、市场化机制和经济价值,系统梳理了国内外相关文献,从前沿经济理论文献对数据要素的建模思路入手,进行了全面的总结和分析。首先,从隐私外部性和要素报酬两个角度入手梳理了前沿文献对于数据要素特性的探讨;其次,从数据要素的产权归属和交易机制设计两个层面梳理数据要素市场化相关文献;再次,总结文献中关于数据要素的经济价值和实证评估的研究;最后,列举应用前沿理论研究数据要素的方法创新方向,展望应用经济学理论研究中国数据要素实际问题的潜在思路。文章可为数据要素市场化的理论和政策研究提供一定的理论参考。With the fast growth of digital economy,the role data factor played in economy has become the focus of theoretical and practical studies.Data factor is different from traditional production factors in terms of characteristics of the factor,marketization mechanisms and economic value.Studies on data factor rely on innovations in economic modelling.This paper reviews literature on data factor in terms of its characteristics,marketization mechanisms and economic value.We first discuss privacy externality and factor return of the data factor.By listing literature on relevant topics,we find that researchers generally agreed that data factor exhibits privacy externality.There is no consensus on whether data factor shows increasing or decreasing marginal returns.But microeconomic modeling strongly agree that data factor shows increasing returns to scale because of fixed cost on the supply side,network effect on the demand side,and“learning by doing”effect.Macro-economic modelling,by introducing non-rivalry of data,also shows that data factor has increasing returns to scale.But increasing privacy cost may prevent data factor from showing increasing returns to scale.Then,we review literature on the ownership of data factor.By assigning ownership of data factor to consumers or to the firm,the government may achieve different social welfare levels under different settings like incomplete contract,non-rivalry of data,and“creative destruction”effect.We also discuss trading mechanisms of data factor.Scholars have introduced trading mechanisms with the enlightenment from literature on information design,information acquisition,and market design.We introduce relevant literature from the perspective of two-sided data trading mechanisms,the effect of market structure on data trading mechanisms,the effectiveness of direct data selling of consumers,and firms data transfers.Literature shows that data intermediaries can utilize different mechanisms in data trading,that market structure strongly affect the efficiency of data tr

关 键 词：数据要素 微观经济理论 宏观经济理论 文献述评 

分 类 号：F016[经济管理—政治经济学] F49