城郊区果蔬垃圾处理及资源化利用技术研究现状  

Research Status of Fruit and Vegetable Waste Treatment and Resource Utilization Technology in Suburb

作　　者：秦玉 李慧莉[2] 徐圣君[3,4] 郑效旭 侯德印 Qin Yu;Li Huili;Xu Shengjun;Zheng Xiaoxu;Hou Deyin(Shenzhen Beilinyuan Landscape and Architecture Planning and Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen Guangdong 518038;School of Civil Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050;Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085;Yangtze River Delta Branch,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Yiwu Zhejiang 322000)

机构地区：[1]深圳市北林苑景观及建筑规划设计院有限公司,广东深圳518038 [2]兰州理工大学土木工程学院,兰州730050 [3]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [4]中国科学院生态环境研究中心(义乌)长三角中心,浙江义乌322000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2021年第31期98-105,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：深圳市技术创新计划技术攻关项目“高氨氮废水自养强化脱氮关键技术研发”(JSGG20191129112812329);“城市河流硬质河道生物群落构建关键技术研发”(JSGG20180718115204691);国家基金委重大研究计划“农村型黑臭水体形成的硫循环关键功能微生物及其与碳、氮、铁循环功能微生物间的互作关系研究”(91951108);甘肃省住房和城乡建设厅科研项目“住宅小区生态节水工艺研究及应用”(JK2017-33)。

摘　　要：随着人们生活水平的提高和饮食结构的调整,果蔬行业迅速发展,垃圾产量日益增多。随之而来的是其不当处置对环境产生的各类负面影响。常规的果蔬垃圾处理方式包括热处理、填埋、好氧堆肥和厌氧消化。从综合处理效果、成本及工艺稳定性等角度对以上处理技术进行评价,得到好氧堆肥与厌氧消化处理效果最佳。果蔬垃圾资源化利用技术主要包括生物活性化合物的提取、饲料、生物燃料、生物塑料、酶和胞外多糖的制造。未来应研究高效且低能的分离制造技术,将脱水后的果蔬垃圾固体部分采取新型发酵技术,液体部分则采取生化处理、膜技术或人工湿地处理,以实现果蔬垃圾"减量化、无害化、资源化"的目标。With the improvement of people’s living standards and the adjustment of diet structure, the fruit and vegetable industry is developing rapidly, and the output of garbage is increasing day by day. It is followed by various negative effects on the environment caused by its improper disposal. Conventional treatment methods of fruit and vegetable waste include heat treatment, landfill, aerobic composting and anaerobic digestion. The above treatment technologies are evaluated from the perspective of comprehensive treatment effect, cost and process stability in the study, and the aerobic composting and anaerobic digestion treatment are the best. The technology of fruit and vegetable waste resource utilization mainly includes the extraction of bioactive compounds, the production of feed, biofuel, bioplastics, enzymes and extracellular polysaccharides.In the future, the separation and manufacturing technology with high efficiency and low energy should be studied. The solid part of dehydrated fruit and vegetable waste should be treated by new fermentation technology, and the liquid part should be treated by biochemical treatment, membrane technology or constructed wetland, so as to achieve the goal of“reduction, harmlessness and resource utilization”of fruit and vegetable waste.

关 键 词：果蔬垃圾 减量化 无害化 资源化 好氧堆肥 厌氧消化 

分 类 号：X712[环境科学与工程—环境工程]