二氧化氯对蝴蝶兰软腐病菌的抑杀作用评价——基于病害流行因子  

Evaluation of Inhibitive Effect of Chlorine Dioxide on Dickeya fangzhongdai:Based on Disease Epidemic Factors

作　　者：沈会芳[1] 张景欣[1] 杨祁云[1] 蒲小明[1] 孙大元[1] 刘平平 林壁润[1] Shen Huifang;Zhang Jingxin;Yang Qiyun;Pu Xiaoming;Sun Dayuan;Liu Pingping;Lin Birun(Institute of Plant Protection,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection,Guangzhou 510640)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所/广东省植物保护新技术重点实验室,广州510640

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2021年第31期118-126,共9页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金团队项目“作物细菌性软腐病菌致病的分子机理”(2015A030312002);广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队项目“绿色发展共性关键技术创新团队建设”(2021KJ112);广州市科技计划项目“抑制狄克氏细菌生物膜的海洋放线菌次生代谢产物分离与鉴定”(201704030120)。

摘　　要：为明确蝴蝶兰细菌性软腐病流行因子,评价二氧化氯对病菌的抑杀作用,以蝴蝶兰叶片为材料,采用针刺、摩擦等接种方法研究温度、湿度和伤口对病害发展的影响;应用最小抑菌浓度法测定不同消毒剂对病菌的抑杀活性;通过扫描电镜观察二氧化氯对病菌形态的影响;利用最小杀菌浓度法测定不同浓度二氧化氯的最短杀菌时间,从而优化二氧化氯消毒方法。结果显示,28~32℃适宜蝴蝶兰细菌性软腐病的发展,30℃是病害发展的最适温度。湿度为80%时,叶片上出现病斑,湿度增加到90%,病情指数显著增加。病菌需通过伤口侵入叶片,农事操作引致伤口极易传播病菌。测定6种消毒剂对病菌的生物活性,二氧化氯活性最高,对病菌最小抑菌浓度为62.5μg/mL,最小杀菌浓度为125μg/mL。扫描电镜显示,62.5μg/mL二氧化氯处理后,菌体形态发生异常,胞壁皱褶、破裂,内容物外漏;125μg/mL二氧化氯处理后,菌体严重皱缩、死亡。二氧化氯有效成分为500μg/mL时在0.5 min完全杀死细菌,可用于农事工具的快速消毒,阻止病菌传播。研究明确高温(28~32℃)、高湿(湿度大于80%)和伤口利于病害流行。500μg/mL二氧化氯快速消毒技术可防治蝴蝶兰细菌性软腐病。The paper is to clarify the epidemic factors of bacterial soft rot of Phalaenopsis, evaluate the efficacy of chlorine dioxide against pathogen. The effects of temperature, humidity and wound on disease prevalence were studied by acupuncture and friction inoculation on detached leaves of Phalaenopsis. Biological activity of different disinfectants to pathogens was determined by minimal inhibitory concentration methods. The effects of chlorine dioxide on the morphology of pathogens were observed by scanning electron microscope. The shortest sterilizing time of different concentration chlorine dioxide was determined by minimal bactericidal concentration methods. The results show that the disease develops quickly between 28℃ and 32℃. The most optimum temperature is 30℃. When the humidity is 80%, the disease spot appears on the leaves. As the humidity increases to 90%, the disease index increases rapidly. The pathogens invade leaves through the wounds, and the pathogens are easy to spread when wounds are caused by agricultural practices. The biological activity of six disinfectants to pathogen is determined. The minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentration of chlorine dioxide is 62.5 μg/mL and 125 μg/mL respectively. SEM shows that the pathogen morphology is abnormal, and cell walls are wrinkled and ruptured with content exudation after 62.5 μg/mL chlorine dioxide treatment. The pathogens are seriously wrinkled and die after 125 μg/mL chlorine dioxide treatment. 500 μg/mL chlorine dioxide could kill pathogens in 0.5 min and be used for rapid disinfection of agricultural tools to prevent the spread of pathogens. The study can provide a practical technique for controlling bacterial soft rot of Phalaenopsis. High temperature(28-32℃), high humidity(more than 80%) and wounds are beneficial to the epidemic of bacterial soft rot of Phalaenopsis. 500 μg/mL chlorine dioxide could be recommended as disinfectant for the rapid disinfection of tools of Phalaenopsis in agricultural operation. The study pr

关 键 词：蝴蝶兰细菌性软腐病 蝴蝶兰细菌性软腐病菌 流行因子 消毒剂 二氧化氯 

分 类 号：S482.2[农业科学—农药学]