中美农业支持政策的演变与完善——基于WTO《农业协定》影响的对比  

Evolution and Improvement of Policy Support for Agriculture in China and the United States——A Comparison based on Influence of WTO Agreement on Agriculture

作　　者：韩杨 Han Yang

机构地区：[1]国务院发展研究中心农村经济研究部第四研究室

出　　处：《国际经济评论》2021年第6期117-140,7,共25页International Economic Review

摘　　要：中美两国农业支持政策具有明显的经济发展历史阶段特征,在WTO 《农业协定》生效后,既要受协定中市场准入和国内支持等规则条款的约束,也要结合各自农业资源禀赋、农产品国际贸易地位、国内农业发展变化进行动态调整。本文系统对比分析中美适用WTO 《农业协定》规则及其对农产品国际贸易格局和农业国内支持政策的影响,并认为未来中国农业支持政策改革应当根据国内粮食和重要农产品安全保障战略需要,在全球视角下充分考虑中美农业差异,审慎完善农业国内支持政策:一是加快构建农业新发展格局,统筹衔接农产品国际贸易、农业对外投资政策与农业国内支持政策,建立支持农业发展的长效机制;二是明确不同阶段农业国内支持政策目标,积极拓展、创新绿箱政策工具,在国家财力承受范围内逐步提高农业支持水平;三是逐渐推进农业国内支持市场化改革措施,逐渐调整"黄转绿、黄转蓝"政策转箱,统筹用好、用足黄箱,利用黄箱政策空间集中精准地支持特定粮食和重要农产品品种,扩大非特定产品支持规模;四是加快推进WTO农业领域规则向更公平、更平等、更包容的方向改革,各成员享有的权益和承担的义务应当与其发展阶段和能力相适应。The agricultural support policies in China and the United States have obvious characteristicsfeaturing historical stages of economic development. Since the WTO Agreement on Agriculture came into force, the agricultural support policies have been bound by rules and provisions suchas market access and domestic support in the agreement;and they also need to dynamicallyadjust in accordance with their respective agricultural resource endowment, internationalstatus of trade of agricultural products, and changes in domestic agricultural development. ThisaArtircicleu ltumraek es a systematic comparative analysis on the impact of WTO Agreement on gon the international trade pattern of agricultural products and agricultural domesticsupport in China and the United States;it holds that China’s agricultural support policy reformin the future should fully take into consideration the agricultural differences between Chinaand the United States from a global perspective, and prudently improve the agriculturaldomestic support in accordance with the strategy for ensuring security of domestic food andimportant agricultural products: First, it should accelerate the construction of a new pattern ofagricultural development, coordinate the international trade of agricultural products,agricultural foreign investment policies and agricultural domestic support, and establish along-term mechanism to support agricultural development;Second, it should clarify theobjectives of agricultural domestic support on different stages, actively expand and innovategreen box policy tools, and gradually improve the level of agricultural support within the scopeof national financial resources;Third, it should gradually promote the market-oriented reform"measures of domestic support for agriculture, gradually adjust the"amber to green"andamber to blue"policy, make full use of the amber box policy in a coordinated way, make useof the amber box policy space to focus on and accurately support specific grains and importantagricultural products, and expand the

关 键 词：WTO 《农业协定》 全球贸易格局 国际贸易规则 市场准入国内支持政策 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济] F371.2F742