准标补词“他”的演变研究  

The evolution of the semi-complementizer ta(他)

作　　者：洪波[1] 韦志刚 HONG Bo;WEI Zhigang

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学文学院

出　　处：《中国语文》2021年第6期659-668,766,共11页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国境内语言语法化词库建设”(15ZDB100);首都师范大学2020年度研究生高水平学术创新项目的资助。

摘　　要：从晚唐五代起,第三人称代词"他"在与名词构成的同位结构中获得了预指功能。当"他+N"同位结构后接谓语且N为通指名词时,"他"由预指N重新分析为预指整个小句,获得了引导宾语小句的准标补词功能。与典型的标补词相比,"他"的句法功能受限。在"他"演化过程中,篇章语用策略和信息结构的完形认知是语法化的重要机制和基本动因。"他"从第三人称代词演化为宾语小句标补词,在词汇来源和句法环境两方面都具有跨语言共性。During the late Tang dynasty and the Five Dynasties,the third person pronoun ta(他)gradually obtained the function of a cataphora in appositive constructions juxtaposing with nouns.When"ta+N"appositive is followed by a predicate and N is a generic noun,ta can be reanalyzed from introducing solely the N to introducing the full clause where it occurs,thus obtaining the function of a semi-complementizer.Compared with typical complementizers,ta has limited syntactic functions.The gestalt of information structure is the basic motivation for its grammaticalization,and the pragmatic strategy of discourse is the major mechanism.The path of evolution of ta from a third person pronoun to a semi-complementizer is supported by cross-linguistic evidence,in terms of both lexical origin and syntactic context.

关 键 词：他 同位结构 语法化 准标补词 

分 类 号：H146.2[语言文字—汉语]