WTO改革面临的重大原则问题——兼论发展中成员的差别优惠待遇权利  

The Major Principle Issues that WTO Reform Faces—Discussion on Preferential Treatment for Developing Members

作　　者：霍建国[1] Huo Jianguo(China Institute of World Trade Organization Studies,Beijing 100029)

机构地区：[1]中国世界贸易组织研究会,北京100029

出　　处：《开放导报》2021年第6期7-12,共6页China Opening Journal

摘　　要：WTO改革态势错综复杂,美国多次指责中国违背WTO规则,认为中国存在非市场竞争的众多因素,并强调中国等一些新兴工业化成员不应继续享受发展中成员的差别优惠待遇,企图将WTO改革的矛头指向中国。梳理发展中成员的差别优惠待遇的演进过程,我们发现,差别优惠待遇作为一项权利,如何使用、在何种程度上使用应充分听取广大发展中成员的意见,而不应由美国制定标准,这是重大原则问题。对此,中国应当有明确的态度和认识:高度重视各方提案,积极做好各种应对准备;坚决维护发展中国家差别优惠待遇原则;在维护发展中成员利益的同时,加强同发达成员的沟通;引导国际社会批驳美国的立场,形成舆论上的主动。同时,中国参与推进WTO改革,应当将WTO改革与深化国内经济体制改革和扩大开放紧密结合起来;争取更多的盟友以化解外部压力;推进WTO改革要兼顾传统议题与新议题;参与推进WTO改革的同时,要更加积极地加速推进区域自贸协定进程;在国内各部门普及WTO规则、了解WTO改革的动向,主动对标国际高水平开放的规则体系,在WTO改革的讨论中争取主动。The situation of WTO reform is complicated.The United States has repeatedly accused China of violating WTO rules and holding that there are many factors of non-market competition in China.It also stressed that China and other newly industrialized members should not continue to enjoy the differential preferential treatment of developing members,trying to point the finger at China.By sorting out the evolution process of differential preferential treatment of developing members,we find that as a right,the opinions of developing members should be fully listened to on how and to what extent differential preferential treatment should be used,instead of the United States setting standards.Therefore,China should have a clear attitude and understanding:China attaches great importance to the proposals of all parties and is actively prepared for them.Firmly uphold the principle of differential and preferential treatment for developing countries;Strengthening communication with developed members while safeguarding the interests of developing members;Guide the international community to criticize the position of the United States and form the initiative of public opinion.At the same time,when China participates in WTO reform,it should closely combine WTO reform with deepening domestic economic system reform and expanding opening-up.Securing more Allies to defuse external pressure;WTO reform should consider both traditional and new topics.While promoting WTO reform,we should accelerate the process of regional free trade agreements more actively.Popularize WTO rules in all domestic departments,understand the trend of WTO reform,take the initiative to mark the international high-level and open rule system,and strive to take the lead in the discussion of WTO reform.

关 键 词：WTO改革 重大原则问题 发展中成员 差别优惠待遇问题 

分 类 号：F743.1[经济管理—国际贸易] F125[经济管理—产业经济]