俄罗斯的大国复兴战略:目标、实践与挑战  

Russia's Strategy for Rejuvenation of a Great Power:Goals,Practices and Challenges

作　　者：孙壮志[1,2] Sun Zhuangzhi

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院俄罗斯东欧中亚研究所 [2]中俄战略协作高端合作智库

出　　处：《俄罗斯学刊》2021年第6期5-21,共17页Academic Journal of Russian Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“上海合作组织命运共同体构建研究”(项目批准号:19ZDA130)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：苏联解体后,俄罗斯一度陷入严重危机。普京在2000年执政之初对国家复兴的长期战略做了全面的设定:将国家、民族利益作为一切方针政策的立足点和出发点,明确国内目标高于对外目标,要建立适合俄罗斯国情的发展模式,将国内安全、周边安全和国际大环境安全结合起来,而经济目标的设定与完成在普京的国家复兴战略中占据特别重要的位置。新冠肺炎疫情背景下国际格局的急剧变化给俄罗斯的复兴带来了机遇,同时也带来了前所未有的巨大挑战。目前普京面临的最大难题是经济社会形势堪忧;大国关系不稳定,与美欧的地缘政治博弈不断升级;周边战略环境日趋恶化。在短时间内无法顺利实现经济振兴的情况下,普京调整了复兴战略,重心倾向于保持政治、外交的延续性和稳定性,维护国家安全成为重中之重;解决一系列紧迫的民生问题,在更长的周期里谋划国家的可持续发展。After the collapse of the Soviet Union,Russia fell into serious crisis.At the beginning of Putin's administration in 2000,he formulated a long-term comprehensive strategy for national rejuvenation:taking the state and national interests as the foothold for all policies,specifying that domestic goals are higher than foreign goals,establishing a development model that suits Russia's national conditions,and integrating domestic security,peripheral security and international environmental security.The setting and completion of economic goals occupies a particularly important position in Putin's national rejuvenation strategy.Against the background of the Covid-19 epidemic,the rapid changes in the international landscape have brought opportunities for Russia's revival,as well as unprecedented challenges.At present,the biggest problem faced by Putin is the worrying economic and social situation,the unstable relationship between major powers and the escalating geopolitical game with the United States and Europe,and the deteriorating surrounding environment.Since economic revitalization could not be achieved in a short period of time,Putin adjusted his rejuvenation strategy.The new strategy focuses on maintaining the continuity and stability of Russia's politics and diplomacy.Safeguarding national security has become the top priority.Putin will solve a series of urgent livelihood issues and plan the country's sustainable development in a longer cycle.

关 键 词：俄罗斯 普京 大国复兴 国家安全 民生 

分 类 号：D73[政治法律—政治学] D77.512.09[政治法律—中外政治制度]