俄罗斯外交政策30年演变  

Evolution of Russia's Diplomacy in 30 Years

作　　者：吕萍[1] Lv Ping

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院俄罗斯东欧中亚研究所俄罗斯外交研究室

出　　处：《俄罗斯学刊》2021年第6期38-58,共21页Academic Journal of Russian Studies

摘　　要：20世纪90年代,独立后的俄罗斯开始在各领域的转型。外交全面倒向西方,谋求在以美国为主导的欧洲-大西洋体系中确立“符合俄罗斯大国身份的地位”。但是,俄罗斯既想融入这一体系,又不愿接受西方的游戏规则,最终导致其亲西方外交决策失败;普京第一、第二总统任期及“梅普组合”时期,俄罗斯吸取了叶利钦时期的教训,致力于独立自主的外交政策,专注国家经济发展,在与美国和北约的抗衡中实现了俄罗斯重回有影响力大国地位的目标。俄这一时期的外交政策虽然不似叶利钦时期向西方“一边倒”,但也是以欧洲,主要是以欧盟为中心规划其外交政策,力推“大欧洲”构想;乌克兰危机后,俄罗斯与西方关系彻底破裂,亚洲为俄罗斯提供了新的选项,俄罗斯开始“向东转”,加强了与亚洲国家的交往,并提出了“大欧亚”构想。俄罗斯着重发展与中国的关系,中俄加大了多领域合作力度,并取得显著成效。After its independence,Russia started its transition in various fields.Its diplomacy has turned to the West in an all-round way,seeking for a position as a major power in the Euro-Atlantic system dominated by the US.However,Russia was unwilling to accept the rules of the game made by the West,which eventually led to the failure of its pro-Western diplomacy.During Putin's first and second presidential terms and his term as the prime minister,Russia learned lessons from its previous diplomacy and was committed to an independent foreign policy and national economic development,which helped Russia achieve its goal of rejuvenation as a great power.Although Russia's diplomacy in this period was different from that of Yeltsin's period,it still focused on Europe and pushed forward the concept of"Greater Europe".After the Ukraine crisis,Russia's relations with the West were completely broken.Russia has begun to"turn to the east"and put forward the concept of"Greater Eurasia".In this period,Russia focused on developing relations with China.China and Russia have enhanced cooperation in many fields and achieved remarkable results.

关 键 词：俄罗斯 外交政策 美国 欧盟 中国 “向东转” 

分 类 号：D83[政治法律—政治学] D87.512.0[政治法律—外交学]