生产者责任延伸机制的发展和演变趋势——中国、德国及欧盟固废治理的法律比较  

The Development and Evolution Trend of Producer Responsibility Extension Mechanism:Comparison of Laws on Solid Waste Management in China,Germany and the European Union

作　　者：沈百鑫 SHEN Baixin

机构地区：[1]江苏省环境科学研究院江苏省环境工程重点实验室

出　　处：《中国政法大学学报》2021年第6期76-93,共18页Journal Of CUPL

基　　金：江苏省环境工程重点实验室科研自选课题:“关于江苏省‘十四五’生态环境法规建设规划的研究”(项目编号:ZX2019002);国家社会科学基金重大招标课题:“社会源危险废弃物环境责任界定及治理机制研究”(项目编号:16ZDA072)的部分研究成果。

摘　　要：消费社会和人类纪背景下,维持传统社会秩序的制度框架不断受到冲击,环境外部性和责任碎片化问题也日益凸显。对此,法律通过权利与义务的设置和调整来恢复社会的有效组织。生产者责任延伸机制就是在固体废物治理领域,针对特殊产品的社会和环境影响,有限调整权利与义务配置的制度设计。它被引入多个国家环境政策与法律中。德国《循环经济法》中的产品责任是以产品为纽带将生产者纳入相应义务框架。《欧共体固废指令》新近修订中强化了生产者责任延伸机制,并提出欧盟范围内统一适用的最低要求。在德国转化《欧共体固废指令》中,欧盟法中的生产者责任延伸机制与德国循环经济法中的产品责任日益趋同。在我国,生产者责任延伸机制在《固体废物污染环境防治法》新修订中,在强化具体制度构建同时,在原则层面有一定弱化。我国固废治理在围绕"无废城市"的建设中,迫切需要把理念和制度真正落实在资金保障和组织体系构建上。In the context of consumer society and the Anthropocene,the institutional framework for maintaining the traditional social order is constantly being impacted,and the problems of environmental externalities and liability fragmentation have become increasingly prominent.In this regard,the law through the establishment and adjustment of rights and obligations plays a key role in restoring effective social organization.The extended producer responsibility mechanism(ERP)is the system design of re-adjusting the allocation of rights and obligations in the field of solid waste treatment in response to the social and environmental impacts of special products,and has been introduced into many national environmental policies and laws.The product liability in Germany’s“Circular Economy Law”is based on the product as a link to bring the producer into the corresponding obligation framework.The recently revised“EU Solid Waste Framework Directive”has strengthened the producer responsibility extension mechanism and put forward the minimum requirements that are uniformly applicable within the EU.In China’s policies and laws,the extension of producer responsibility mechanism has been weakened at the principle level while strengthening the construction of specific systems in the new revision of the“Solid Waste Law”.In the construction of a“waste-free city”,there is an urgent need to truly implement the concepts and systems in the construction of capital guarantees and organizational systems.

关 键 词：生产者责任延伸机制 全生命周期管理理念 产品责任 德国法 欧盟法 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]