皇权与市场——清乾隆中后期江广盐价的逐年奏报制度  

Imperial Power and the Market:The Annual Reporting System of Jiangguang Salt Prices in the Middle and Late Qianlong Period

作　　者：韩燕仪 HAN Yanyi(Department of History,Sun Yat-sen University)

机构地区：[1]中山大学历史学系,广州510275

出　　处：《清史研究》2021年第6期90-99,共10页The Qing History Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“清代淮南盐的交易形态及其演变研究”(21CZS083)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：乾隆二十八年,在湖广总督李侍尧和两淮盐政高恒的共同提议下,朝廷开始对江广盐价推行最高限价下的逐年奏报制度。这一制度表面上是盐政和督抚会商产生,实际推动者则是乾隆帝。这一制度的选择,既出于皇帝对盐商利益的维护,又体现出其对食盐专营属性和市场供求关系的认识。而在制度推行过程中,成本加成定价逻辑与市场供需关系之间的根本矛盾,造成官价与市价的脱节,导致该制度逐渐走向失效并最终停止实行。由此说明,在清代的食盐垄断体系下,皇权虽然可以左右定价制度,但是无力改变垄断市场的供需关系,从而无法有效控制食盐市场。乾隆中后期江广盐价逐年奏报制度的产生和推行,充分揭示出清代皇权与市场之间的这种微妙复杂关系。In the twenty-eighth year of Qianlong’s reign (1763),under the joint proposal of Li Shiyao,the governor-general of Huguang and Gao Heng,the administrator of the Lianghuai salt industry,the court initiated the system of annual reporting of salt prices.On the surface,this system was produced with the consultation of the salt administrator and the governor,but the actual promoter was the Qianlong Emperor.The choice of this system not only stemmed from the emperor’s protection of the interests of salt merchants,but it also reflected Qianlong’s intervention in the monopoly of the salt market and respect for the supply and demand relationship of the market.During the implementation of the system,the fundamental contradiction between the logic of cost pricing and the relationship between supply and demand in the market led to the disconnection between the official price and the market price,which also led to the system gradually becoming ineffective and finally ending.This shows that although imperial power could control the pricing system,it could not effectively control the salt market.The emergence and implementation of the system of annual reporting of salt prices in the middle and late period of the Qianlong reign fully revealed the delicate and complex relationship between imperial power and the market in the Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：江广盐价 逐年奏报 皇权 市场 

分 类 号：K249.3[历史地理—历史学]