设施韭菜减氮增产增效潜力研究  

Study on Potential of Reducing Nitrogen and Increasing Yield and Efficiency of Protected Leek

作　　者：王娟娟 马云 高亚娟 纪燕 盛海君[2,3] 钱晓晴 王桂良[2,3] WANG Juan-juan;MA Yun;GAO Ya-juan(Yangzhou Hongshuo Environmental and Bioengineering Research Co.,Ltd.,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225000;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225127;Institute of Soil Health,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225127)

机构地区：[1]扬州市红硕环境与生物工程研究有限公司,江苏扬州225000 [2]扬州大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏扬州225127 [3]扬州大学土壤健康研究所,江苏扬州225127

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2021年第23期171-174,178,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：扬州市重点研发计划(YZ2019070);扬州大学研究生教育教学改革与实践课题(JGLX2021_009);江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(JATS〔2019〕459)。

摘　　要：在全面诊断土壤养分平衡状况的基础上,通过适量推荐所缺养分元素肥料的施用,探索减氮对设施韭菜生长、产量及品质的影响。在适量底施无氮配方肥的基础上,设置常规施氮(T1)、减氮25%(T2)、减氮50%(T3)、减氮75%(T4)和减氮100%(T5)5个施氮处理,另外设置完全不施肥对照(T0),观测韭菜生长形态、生理、产量与品质指标。结果表明,适当控制氮肥施用有利于韭菜作物生长形态、生理指标的优化。在减氮75%以内,韭菜株高、茎宽、叶宽、叶绿素含量等形态、生理指标均未受到明显不良影响,减氮50%时韭菜产量最高,减氮100%处理韭菜产量有所下降,但仍显著高于完全不施肥对照。减氮处理显著降低韭菜体内硝酸盐含量,以减氮50%和75%2个处理效果最为明显。韭菜V;含量随减氮比例提高呈先增后降趋势,以减氮50%处理最高。减氮处理可提高植株可溶性糖含量,当减氮比例达75%时,韭菜体内可溶性糖含量最高。减氮使韭菜体内可溶性蛋白含量略有降低,粗纤维含量略有提高。在测土配方施肥的基础上适当减少氮肥施用有利于提高韭菜产值和净效益,减氮50%、75%2个处理的增产率分别为8.26%、1.60%,对应的增收率分别为8.35%、1.61%。综合上述各项指标及生态环境因素,相似生产条件下推荐测土配方平衡施肥和减氮50%~75%。On the basis of comprehensive diagnosis of soil nutrient balance,this experiment explored the effect of nitrogen reduction on the growth,yield and quality of leek in protected facilities by properly recommending the application of fertilizers lacking nutrient elements.In this experiment,on the basis of proper basal application of nitrogen-free formula fertilizer,five treatments of conventional nitrogen application(T1),25%nitrogen reduction(T2),50%nitrogen reduction(T3),75%nitrogen reduction(T4)and 100%nitrogen reduction(T5)were set,and a control(T0)without fertilizer was set to observe the growth morphology,physiology,yield and quality of leek.The results showed that appropriate control of nitrogen fertilizer application was beneficial to the optimization of growth morphology and physiological indexes of leek crops.Within 75%nitrogen reduction,the morphological and physiological indexes of leek such as plant height,stem width,leaf width and chlorophyll content were not significantly affected.When nitrogen reduction was 50%,the yield of leek was the highest.When nitrogen reduction was 100%,the yield of leek declined,but it was still significantly higher than the control without fertilization.Nitrogen reduction treatment significantly reduced nitrate content in leek,with nitrogen reduction of 50%and 75%being the most obvious.The V;content of leek increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen reduction ratio,and the highest value was found in 50%nitrogen reduction treatment.Nitrogen reduction treatment could increase the soluble sugar content of plants,and when the nitrogen reduction ratio reached 75%,the soluble sugar content in leek was the highest.Nitrogen reduction slightly reduced soluble protein content and increased crude fiber content in leek.Appropriate reduction of nitrogen fertilizer application on the basis of soil testing and formula fertilization could improve the yield and net benefit of leek.The yield increase rates of 50%and 75%nitrogen reduction treatments were 8.26%and 1.60%,and

关 键 词：设施栽培 韭菜 减氮 增产增效 

分 类 号：S633.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]