施用不同新型氮肥对广东地区水稻减肥增效对比研究  

Comparative Study on Fertilizer Loss and Efficiency Improvement of Rice in Guangdong Province by Applying Different New Nitrogen Fertilizers

作　　者：杨依彬 程凤娴[1] 邓兰生[1] 张承林[1] YANG Yi-bin;CHENG Feng-xian;DENG Lan-sheng(College of Natural Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510642)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2021年第23期175-178,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200303)。

摘　　要：[目的]探讨不同新型氮肥对广东地区水稻减肥、增效、养分吸收利用的效果差异。[方法]以广东水稻土、粤香占水稻品种为试验材料,以不施肥和常规施肥(单施尿素)为对照,研究氮肥增效剂(含脲酶抑制剂)及其减氮、多功能氮肥(硫包衣尿素)及其减氮、五粮旺(内含脲醛缓释氮)及其减氮对水稻产量、氮磷钾肥吸收利用效率的影响。[结果]与常规尿素相比,施用五粮旺(内含脲醛缓释氮)及其减氮处理的实产显著增加了35.9%、27.9%,五粮旺处理的氮、磷、钾肥吸收利用效率分别提高了59.9%、110.0%、35.1%,五粮旺减氮处理的氮、磷、钾肥吸收利用效率分别提高了56.0%、70.0%、23.3%,达到了减肥、增效、增产的目的;增效氮肥(含脲酶抑制剂)、多功能氮肥(硫包衣尿素)处理及其减氮处理对水稻产量和养分吸收利用效率产生的效果与常规尿素处理的效果相类似。[结论]不同新型氮肥按照减肥增收效果表现为五粮旺=五粮旺减氮20%>增效氮肥≈常规尿素>多功能氮肥减氮20%≈多功能氮肥≈增效氮肥减氮20%。[Objective]To explore the effects of different new nitrogen fertilizers on fertilizer loss,efficiency improvement,nutrient absorption and utilization of rice in Guangdong Province.[Method]Guangdong paddy soil and Yuexiangzhan rice were used as experimental materials,and the effects of nitrogen fertilizer synergist(containing urease inhibitor)and nitrogen reduction,multifunctional nitrogen fertilizer(sulfur coated urea)and its nitrogen reduction,Wuliangwang(containing urea formaldehyde slow release nitrogen)and its nitrogen reduction on rice yield,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer absorption and utilization efficiency were studied with no fertilization and conventional fertilization(urea application alone)as control.[Result]Compared with conventional urea,the yield of Wuliangwang(containing urea formaldehyde slow release nitrogen)and its nitrogen reduction treatment increased by 35.9%and 27.9%,respectively.The absorption and utilization efficiency of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in Wuliangwang treatment increased by 59.9%,110.0%and 35.1%,respectively.The absorption and utilization efficiency of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in Wuliangwang nitrogen reduction treatment increased by 56.0%,70.0%and 23.3%,respectively The results showed that the effects of synergism nitrogen fertilizer(including urease inhibitor),multi-functional nitrogen fertilizer(sulfur coated urea)and nitrogen reduction treatment on rice yield and nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency were similar to those of conventional urea treatment.[Conclusion]According to the effect of reducing weight and increasing income,the performance of different new nitrogen fertilizers was Wuliangwang=Wuliangwang reducing nitrogen by 20%>synergistic nitrogen fertilizer≈conventional urea>multifunctional nitrogen fertilizer reducing nitrogen by 20%≈multifunctional nitrogen fertilizer≈synergistic nitrogen fertilizer reducing nitrogen by 20%.

关 键 词：水稻 新型氮肥 减肥 增效 养分吸收 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]