“金都1号”火龙果雨季授粉避雨技术试验初报  

Preliminary Report of the Pollination and Rain Avoidance Technology Test of"Jindu No.1"Pitaya in the Rainy Season

作　　者：杨杰[1] 杨昌鹏[1] 黄东 Yang Jie;Yang Chang-peng;Huang Dong(Guangxi Agriculture Vocational College College,Nanning,Cuangxi 530007,China;Nanning Meteorological Bureau,Nanning,Guangxi 530029,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业职业技术学院,广西南宁530007 [2]南宁市气象局,广西南宁530029

出　　处：《广西农学报》2021年第4期52-57,87,共7页Journal of Guangxi Agriculture

基　　金：2020年度广西高校中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目“‘一带一路’背景下老挝火龙果标准化生产技术研究”(项目编号:No.2020KY36013)。

摘　　要：[目的]减少降雨对火龙果产量造成的损失,探索"金都1号"火龙果雨季授粉技术。[方法]比较在不同降雨类型条件下,人工自花授粉套杯、自然授粉套杯与自然授粉不套杯对火龙果产量和品质的影响。[结果]试验表明,在开花时段降雨条件下,与不套杯的对照相比,授粉套杯能显著提高"金都1号"火龙果的坐果率、平均单果重、商品果率、产量、产值等。坐果率提高56.7%,平均单果重提高123~154g,产量提高1454.3~1839.7kg/667m^(2),单位面积产量是对照的3.73~4.46倍,净增收9910.1~11617.9元/667m^(2),增幅266.2%~312.1%,显著提高了火龙果种植经济效益,同时对火龙果的内在品质无影响。开花时段无降雨条件下,与不套杯的对照相比,授粉套杯处理对提高火龙果的坐果率、平均单果重、商品果率影响不显著。不同降雨类型条件下,不套杯避雨对"金都1号"火龙果产量和产值影响极大,产量相差1416.5kg/667m^(2),产值相差9915.5元/667m^(2),以开花时段降雨条件下自然授粉套杯的产投比最高,为36.7。[结论]建议生产上在火龙果开花时段降雨时,采用自然授粉套杯避雨技术,可显著降本增效。[Objective]In order to reduce yield losses because of rainfall,pollination techniques of"Jindu No.1"pitaya in rainy season was explored.[Method]The effects of different pollination treatments on the yield and quality of pitaya fruits were clarified in different types of rainfall climatic conditions,such as follows:artificial self-pollination set of shelter cover cup,natural pollination set of rainproof cup and natural pollination of shelter cover cup.[Result]The results showed that the pollination cup could significantly increase the fruit setting rate,average weight per fruit,commercial fruit rate,yield and output value of"Jindu No.1"pitaya compared with the Shelter cover cup under the condition of rainfall during the Flowering period.Fruit-bearing rate increased by 56.7%,average single fruit weight increased by 123~154 g,yield increased by 1454.3~1839.7 kg/667 m^(2),yield per unit area increased by 3.73~4.46 times,net income increased by 9910.1~11617.9 yuan/667 m^(2),increase by266.2%~312.1%,the economic benefit of pitaya planting was significantly improved,and the internal quality of pitaya was not affected.Under the condition of no rainfall during flowering period,compared with the control without shelter cover cup,pollination rainproof cup treatment had no significant effect on the increase of fruit setting rate,average single fruit weight and commercial fruit percentage of pitaya.Under the conditions of different rainfall types,the yield and output value of"Jindu No.1"pitaya were greatly affected by not setting cups for rain protection,with a yield difference of 1416.5 kg/667 m^(2) and an output value difference of 9915.5 yuan/667 m^(2).Under the condition of rainfall during flowering period,the highest input-output ratio in the natural pollination group was 36.7.[Conclusion]It is suggested that natural pollination shelter cover cup should be used to take shelter from the rain during the period of pitaya flowering,which can significantly reduce the cost and increase the efficiency.

关 键 词：火龙果 授粉 避雨技术 套杯 经济效益 

分 类 号：S334.22[农业科学—作物遗传育种] S668.9[农业科学—农艺学]