《四库全书总目》宋杂家类批评略论  

Discussion on the Criticism of The Synopsis of the Eclectics Category in Song Dynasty of Catalogue of the Imperial Collection of Four

作　　者：陈艳[1] Chen Yan

机构地区：[1]西南大学文学院,重庆北碚400715

出　　处：《贵州文史丛刊》2021年第4期38-55,共18页GUIZHOU CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL JOURNAL

摘　　要：《总目》以“受官与否”作为宋元之际杂家作者的分期归属标准,体现出对人品气节的重视,但在书籍评价中却坚持“不以人废”的原则。《总目》对宋杂家书籍内容体例的梳理和判断揭示了宋代学人经、史、子、集的四部知识结构,客观呈现了宋代文人知识、学术、思想体系的复杂特征。《总目》以“纯儒”为思想之最尊者,儒家本位的宋杂家思想批评实质是割裂不同思想立场之间的联结,具体操作则是对宋杂家中的“非纯儒”思想(以佛禅为主)进行清理,忽视思想之间的融通和互动,尤其反对“三教归一”。《总目》以“崇实黜虚”作为基本的批评立场,尤其体现在对书籍资考证、利博识、广异闻、补史阙的功能揭示中,这有利于后世对宋杂家类书籍的价值认识。In the"Catalogue of the Imperial Collection of Four","whether one accepts to be an official"is taken as the standard for dividing the period of attribution of eclectics writers in the Song and Yuan dynasties,which demonstrates the emphasis on the moral quality.Nevertheless,the principle of"not evaluating books according to the writers'status"is practiced in the evaluation of books.The"Catalogue of the Imperial Collection of Four"reveals the four knowledge structures of the Song scholars:Confucian classics,history,philosophy and literature,and shows the complex characteristics of the intellectual,academic,and ideological systems of the Song scholars objectively.In the"Catalogue of the Imperial Collection of Four","pure Confucianism"is taken as the most respected ideology,and the essence of the ideological criticism of the Eclectics Category in Song Dynasty based on Confucianism standard is to break the connection between different ideological positions,which is embodied in the clean-up of"non-pure Confucianism"(mainly zen of buddhism),ignoring the integration and interaction between thoughts,and especially opposing to"amalgamation of the Three Religions".On the other hand,"Catalogue of the Imperial Collection of Four"takes"abandoning empty sentiment and advocating reality"as the standpoint,which is especially reflected in the practical functions--enhancing textual research,benefiting extensive knowledge,expanding different knowledge,and supplementing history.Therefore,it can help later generations to better understand the value of those eclectics writers'books of the Song dynasty.

关 键 词：《总目》 宋杂家类提要 易代归属 内容体例 儒家本位 价值认识 

分 类 号：K852[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] G257[历史地理—历史学]