剑兰叶斑病菌鉴定及其生物学特性研究  

Identification and Biological Characteristics of Pathogen Causing Leaf Spot on Gladiolus hybridus

作　　者：沈会芳[1] 张景欣[1] 杨祁云[1] 蒲小明[1] 孙大元[1] 林壁润[1] SHEN Huifang;ZHANG Jingxin;YANG Qiyun;PU Xiaoming;SUN Dayuan;LIN Birun(Plant Protection Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of High Technique for Plant Protection,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所/广东省植物保护新技术重点实验室,广东广州510640

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2021年第11期88-95,共8页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队项目(2021KJ112)。

摘　　要：【目的】叶斑病是制约广东省台山市剑兰产业的重要因素,对病原菌进行分类鉴定、生物学特性和杀菌剂敏感性研究,旨在为病害防控提供参考。【方法】基于病菌致病性、形态特征和rDNA-ITS序列分析确定病菌分类地位,采用菌丝生长速率法和镜检孢子量测定温度、pH、光照、碳源、氮源和杀菌剂对病菌生长的影响。【结果】分离纯化获得性状一致的4株菌株,致病性测定表明人工接种发病症状与田间症状表现一致。病菌分生孢子梗褐色,多单生,具隔膜,顶端屈膝状,大小为51.0~80.0 m×4.0~7.6 m。分生孢子褐色、弓形、中间宽两端窄,向一侧弯曲,4个细胞,大小为23.5~32.0 m×11.5~16.0 m。基于病菌r DNA-ITS序列进行系统进化分析,病菌与唐菖蒲弯孢霉(Curvularia gladioli)聚类到一起,形成明显分支。给合病菌形态特征和r DNAITS序列分析确定病原菌为唐菖蒲弯孢霉(Curvularia gladioli Boerema&Hamers)。适宜病菌菌丝生长和产孢的温度范围为26~30℃,pH范围为5.0~7.0;光照促进菌丝生长,黑暗利于产孢;碳源木糖、葡萄糖和有机氮源牛肉膏适宜菌丝生长和孢子产生。咪鲜胺和代森锰锌对菌丝生长抑制作用最强,EC50分别为1.23、2.81 g/mL。【结论】广东省台山市剑兰叶斑病病原菌为菌唐菖蒲弯孢霉,适宜生长温度为26~30℃,pH为5.0~7.0,对咪鲜胺和代森锰锌敏感。【Objective】Leaf spot is an important factor restricting the gladiolus industry in Taishan City,Guangdong Province.To provide references for controlling the disease,the pathogen was classified and identified,and the biological characteristics and fungicide sensitivity were studied.【Method】The taxonomic status of pathogen was identified based on pathogenicity determination,morphological characteristics and rDNA-ITS sequence analysis.The effects of temperature,pH,light,carbon source,nitrogen source and fungicide on the pathogen were measured by mycelium growth method and microscopic examination.【Result】Four isolates were purified and obtained from the diseased samples with the same morphological characteristics.The results of pathogenicity determination showed that the symptoms produced by artificial inoculation were consistent with those observed in the field.Conidiophores of the pathogen were brown,mostly solitary,septate,and knee-curved at the top,with the size of 51.0-80.0 m×4.0-7.6 m.Conidia were brown,arched,four cells,wide in the middle and narrow at both ends,and curved to one side,with the size of 23.5-32.0 m×11.5-16.0 m.Phylogenetic analysis based on the rDNA-ITS sequences of the pathogen showed that the pathogen and Curvularia gladioli clustered together to form distinct branches.The pathogen was identified as C.gladioli Boerema&Hamers by morphological characteristics and rDNA-ITS sequence analysis.The optimal temperatures and pH ranges for mycelial growth and sporulation of the pathogen were 26-30℃and 5.0-7.0,respectively.Light promoted the growth of mycelia and darkness promoted the sporulation.Carbon source xylose,glucose and organic nitrogen source beef extract were beneficial to the growth and spore production.Prochloraz and mancozeb had strongest inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of the pathogen,and EC50 were 1.23 g/mL and 2.81 g/mL,respectively.【Conclusion】The pathogen of Taishan gladiolus leaf spot disease was identified as C.gladioli,which was sensitive to prochloraz and ma

关 键 词：剑兰 叶斑病 唐菖蒲弯孢霉 生物学特性 药剂敏感性 

分 类 号：S436.8[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]