学历认否、学制改革与民初教育行政诉讼--1916年杨成源等诉北洋政府教育部案评析  

Reform in School System and Educational Administrative Litigation Filed in the Early Years of the Republic of China--An Analysis of Yang Chengyuan et al.v.the Ministry of Education under Beiyang Government in 1916

作　　者：吴欢[1,2] 常畅 Wu Huan;Chang Chang

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学法学院 [2]南京师范大学中国法治现代化研究院 [3]南京师范大学中北学院

出　　处：《法学教育研究》2021年第3期227-245,共19页Legal Education Research

基　　金：2019年度国家社科基金一般项目“民国初期平政院裁决实践中的行政法理研究”(项目编号:19BFX022)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：1916年杨成源等诉北洋政府教育部案(以下简称杨成源案),是北洋政府平政院裁决的第一起“人事”类案件,也是近代中国第一起教育行政诉讼案件。该案原告虽未获胜诉,但平政院基于法定职权和治理者自觉,突破特别权力关系理论,开创性地受理并裁决该案,拓展了民初行政诉讼受案范围及其法理。平政院在该案审判程序、证据认定和事实查明等方面的做法也有可取之处。杨成源案折射出了清末民初学制改革的时代背景,是中国教育制度近代化的缩影,其中的经验教训对于治理现代化或曰现代国家建构进程中的教育制度改革不乏启示意义。Yang Chengyuan et al.v.the Ministry of Education under the Beiyang Government in 1916 was the first personnel related case ruled by the Administrative Appellate Court(Ping Zheng Yuan)under the Beiyang Government,which was also the first educational administrative litigation in modem China.Although the plaintiff did not win the litigation,the Administrative Appellate Court had broken through the theory on special power relation and it had also been innovative in handling and deciding a judgment on the case based on its legitimate authority and spontaneity of the"governing party",which had expanded the scope of acceptable administrative lawsuits and its jurisprudence in the early time of the Republic of China.The Administrative Appellate Court also served a very active role in those aspects of the case,including the judicial procedure,evidence verification and facts-finding.The Yang Chengyuan Case reflected the historical background of the reform in the school system,which took place at the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,and hence it is considered as a microcosm of the modernization of the education system in China.The experience and lessons from the case may give us some enlightenment in terms of either the modernized governance or the reform in education system in the process of constructing a modem country.

关 键 词：教育行政诉讼 平政院 近代学制改革 治理现代化 行政法理 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]