新家庭经济学下离婚补偿制度的适用规则  

The Applicable Rules of Divorce Compensation System Under New Home Economics

作　　者：王玮玲[1] Wang Weiling

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院

出　　处：《政法论坛》2021年第6期110-122,共13页Tribune of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“《民法典》意定监护条款的适用困境及其出路研究”(20CFX075);江苏省社会科学基金项目“离婚财产分割的家庭建设功能研究”(17FXC009)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：新家庭经济学将家庭视为夫妻共同组成的有效率的经济组织,与《民法典》第1088条规定的离婚补偿制度具有本质的密切联系。婚姻特征决定了夫妻在婚姻中的成本与收益的不均衡:一方行为的收益可能由另一人占有、成本与收益通常不同步显现。在内外分工的家庭中,这种不均衡尤为明显。无过错下的婚姻解体,将导致一方受损或受益。婚姻观念转变下,限制离婚缺乏正当性;应当通过离婚补偿制度矫正夫妻收益的不均衡,从而约束个体的投机性违约,强化个体投入家庭建设的动机,实现家庭利益最大化。新家庭经济学对婚姻成本与收益的全面认定可以为离婚补偿标准的确定提供最优解。补偿标准上,存在"受损人成本补偿"与"受益人收益补偿"两种学说,前者更注重投入婚姻产生的损失,后者则更侧重婚姻收益的共享。婚姻契约理念下,我国离婚补偿应全面考量夫妻双方在婚姻存续期间的婚姻成本与收益,补偿标准上采收益补偿说,通过分享未来收入的方式实现。New home economics regards the family as an efficient economic organization formed by husband and wife,which is closely related to the divorce compensation system stipulated in article 1088 of the Civil Code.The characteristics of marriage determine the disequilibrium between the couple:the benefits of one party’s behaviors may be possessed by the other,and the costs and benefits usually appear out of sync.This disequilibrium is particularly evident in families that divide labor market and nonmarket.Nofault divorce will result in damage or benefit to one party.The change of marriage value has led to a lack of legitimacy to restrict divorce.The divorce compensation system should be used to correct the disequilibrium of husband and wife’s income,so as to restrain individuals from speculative breach of contract,strengthen the motivation of individuals to invest in family construction,and maximize family interests.Comprehensive identification of marriage costs and benefits by new home economics can provide the best solution for the determination of compensation standards.There are two theories of"cost compensation"and"income compensation"in terms of compensation standards.The former pays more attention to the losses caused by the investment in marriage,while the latter pays more attention to the sharing of marriage profits.Under the concept of marriage contract,divorce compensation in China should comprehensively consider the marital costs and benefits of spouses during the marriage.The compensation standard adopts the income compensation theory,which is realized by sharing future income.

关 键 词：新家庭经济学 婚姻契约 无过错离婚 离婚补偿 补偿标准 

分 类 号：D923.9[政治法律—民商法学]