B/T淋巴细胞弱化因子在免疫调控和免疫相关疾病中的作用  

The Role of B and T Lymphocyte Attenuator in Immune Regulation and Immune Related Diseases

作　　者：宁召臣 王晓彤 熊化保 NING Zhao-Chen;WANG Xiao-Tong;XIONG Hua-Bao(Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology,Basic Medical College,Jining Medical University,Jining 272067,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]济宁医学院基础医学院济宁市免疫学重点实验室,山东济宁272067

出　　处：《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》2021年第11期1466-1473,共8页Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.82003027);济宁医学院博士启动基金(No.2017JYQD24);济宁医学院大学生创新训练计划项目(No.cx2021065)资助。

摘　　要：B/T淋巴细胞弱化因子(B and T lymphocyte attenuator,BTLA)是免疫调控中重要的检查点分子之一。BTLA属于CD28超家族,其蛋白质结构类似于程序性细胞死亡受体-1(programmed cell death-1,PD-1)和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原-4(cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4,CTLA-4)。BTLA主要在B细胞和T细胞中表达,也被发现存在于其它一些先天免疫细胞,例如树突状细胞和单核细胞中。到目前为止,疱疹病毒入侵介质(herpesvirus entry mediator,HVEM)是在人类细胞中发现的BTLA的唯一配体。HVEM属于肿瘤坏死因子受体(tumor necrosis factor receptor,TNFR)超家族,其与BTLA的相互作用直接连接了CD28和TNFR两大家族。BTLA与HVEM的结合通常介导免疫抑制效应,并在维持免疫耐受方面发挥重要作用。然而近年来研究发现,BTLA/HVEM通路除了提供负调控信号以外,还能促进T细胞的存活,这种双重信号系统的存在使得BTLA介导的免疫调控更加精细和复杂。越来越多的研究表明,BTLA参与并影响了T细胞、B细胞及树突状细胞等介导的免疫调控,并因此在多种免疫相关疾病,例如炎症、肿瘤、感染性疾病及自身免疫性疾病中发挥重要作用。本文以国内外最新研究进展为基础,就BTLA在免疫调控及免疫相关疾病中的作用进行综述。B/T lymphuocyte attenuator(BTLA)is one of the important checkpoint molecules in immune regulation.BTLA belongs to the CD28 superfamily,and its protein structure is similar to programmed cell death-1(PD-1)and cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4(CTLA-4).BTLA is mainly expressed in B and T cells,and has also been found in some innate immune cells such as dendritic cells and monocytes.To date,the herpesvirus entry mediator(HVEM)is the only ligand for BTLA found in human cells.HVEM belongs to the Tumor necrosis factor receptor(TNFR)superfamily,and its interaction with BTLA directly connects CD28 and TNFR families.The binding of BTLA with HVEM often mediates immunosuppressive effects and plays an important role in maintaining immune tolerance.However,recent studies have found that the BTLA/HVEM pathway not only provides negative regulatory signals,but also promotes the survival of T cells.This bidirectional signaling system renders BTLA-mediated immune regulation more sophisticated and complex.Growing evidence has shown that BTLA is involved in T cells,B cells and dendritic cell-mediated immune regulation,and therefore plays an important role in a variety of immune related diseases,such as inflammation,tumor,infectious diseases and autoimmune diseases.Based on the latest research progress at home and abroad,this paper reviews the role of BTLA in immune regulation and immune related diseases.

关 键 词：B/T淋巴细胞弱化因子 免疫调控 免疫相关疾病 

分 类 号：R392[医药卫生—免疫学]