进口火龙果携带南洋臀纹粉蚧的热水处理技术研究  

Study on the hot water treatment of imported dragon fruit carrying Planococcus lilacinus Cockerell

作　　者：彭彩云 任荔荔[1,2] 刘波 薛美玲[1] Peng Caiyun;Ren Lili;Liu Bo;Xue Meiling(China Academy of Inspection and Quarantine,Beijing 100123,China;Science and Technology Research Center of China Customs)

机构地区：[1]中国检验检疫科学研究院,北京100123 [2]中国海关技术研究中心

出　　处：《植物检疫》2021年第6期47-54,共8页Plant Quarantine

基　　金：国家市场监督管理总局科技计划项目(2019MK130);中国检科院基本科研业务费(2019JK028)。

摘　　要：我国每年从东南亚进口大量火龙果(Hylocereus undatus Britt),易携带南洋臀纹粉蚧(Planococcus lilacinus Cockerell)等检疫性害虫。溴甲烷熏蒸是应用最广泛的一种检疫应急处理措施,而热水处理作为一种溴甲烷替代处理措施,已经成功应用于多种热带和亚热带水果。本文研究了热水处理对南洋臀纹粉蚧的杀灭效果和对进口火龙果品质的影响,采用47℃热水对南洋臀纹粉蚧各龄期进行处理,利用热动力学模型对死亡率和处理时间的关系进行分析。47℃热水对火龙果进行45~90 min处理后,5℃储存14 d,期间测定火龙果的外观品质和理化品质。结果表明,47℃热水处理南洋臀纹粉蚧,耐受性随龄期增加而增强,最耐受虫态是雌成虫,其死亡率达到99.9968%的时间(LT_(99.9968))是44.52 min。与对照相比,热水处理后的火龙果呼吸速率显著降低,失水率、硬度、可滴定酸含量、可溶性糖含量和VC含量等没有显著差异。47℃热水处理45 min可以有效杀灭南洋臀纹粉蚧,同时没有影响火龙果品质。该方法可作为一种替代溴甲烷的检疫处理南洋臀纹粉蚧的方法,同时为口岸防范外来有害生物和国际标准的制定提供了理论基础。Dragon fruits(Hylocereus undatus Britt)imported from Southeast Asia to China are easy to carry quarantine pests such as Planococcus lilacinus Cockerell and other quarantine pests.Methyl bromide fumigation is applied as one of the most important and emergent phytosanitary measures,while hot water treatment is one of alternative methyl bromide fumigation measures,which has been successfully applied in many varieties of tropical and subtropical fruit treatment.Effect of hot water on the survival of P.lilacinus and quality of imported dragon fruit were studied.47℃hot water was used to treat all stages of P.lilacinus,and the relationship between mortality and treatment time was analyzed by thermal death kinetic model.Dragon fruits were immersed in 47℃hot water for 45 to 90 minutes and stored at 5℃for 14 d.We tested appearance quality and chemical properties of dragon fruit during storage.The most tolerant stage was the female adult,and the treatment time of the mortality rate at 99.9968%(LT_(99.9968))was 44.52 minutes.Compared with the control,the respiratory rates and the contents of TA in heat treated dragon fruits were significantly decreased,while the contents of ascorbic acid were increased,however,there was no significant difference in water loss rate,hardness and the contents of TA,ascorbic acid and VC.Hot water treatment at 47℃for 45 minutes could effectively kill the P.lilacinus,meanwhile,the quality of dragon fruit was not effected by hot water treatment.It could be used as an alternative quarantine treatment measure of methyl bromide to treat P.lilacinus,which provided a theoretical basis for the prevention of alien pests and the establishment of international standards.

关 键 词：南洋臀纹粉蚧 火龙果 热水处理 检疫处理 

分 类 号：S412[农业科学—植物保护]